is zinc a metal
[204] These considerations must be balanced against the paucity of adequate zinc biomarkers, and the most widely used indicator, plasma zinc, has poor sensitivity and specificity. [134] This produces zinc sulfide, together with large amounts of hot gas, heat, and light. Zinc is usually a gray metallic color, but it can be polished to a shiny silver luster. [208] A table of the old and new adult Daily Values is provided at Reference Daily Intake. Zinc is usually a gray metallic color, but it can be polished to a shiny silver luster. For other uses, see. value.[205]. [131] Zinc is a common ingredient of denture cream which may contain between 17 and 38 mg of zinc per gram. [98] The dumps of the past mining operations leach zinc and cadmium, and the sediments of the Geul River contain non-trivial amounts of metals. Substantial responses to zinc fertilization have been reported in these areas. [115] Alloys of 85–88% zinc, 4–10% copper, and 2–8% aluminium find limited use in certain types of machine bearings. A similar antagonism exists with copper. Ab initio study of zinc(IV), cadmium(IV), and mercury(IV) fluorides", "In situ Cyanosilylation of Carbonyl Compounds: O-Trimethylsilyl-4-Methoxymandelonitrile", "On the isolation of the organic radicals", "Ingredients of a 2,000-y-old medicine revealed by chemical, mineralogical, and botanical investigations", "Experiences sur la maniere de tirer le Zinc de sa veritable miniere, c'est à dire, de la pierre calaminaire", "Zinifex, Umicore Combine to Form Top Zinc Maker", "Derwent Estuary – Water Quality Improvement Plan for Heavy Metals", "Zinc: World Mine Production (zinc content of concentrate) by Country", "Zinc Air Battery-Battery Hybrid for Powering Electric Scooters and Electric Buses", "Cast flywheel on old Magturbo trainer has been recalled since July 2000", "Development of Solar-powered Thermochemical Production of Hydrogen from Water", "Notiz über eine neue Reihe organischer Körper, welche Metalle, Phosphor u. s. w. enthalten", Liebig's Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie, "From Aryl Bromides to Enantioenriched Benzylic Alcohols in a Single Flask: Catalytic Asymmetric Arylation of Aldehydes", "Therapeutic effects of oral zinc in acute and persistent diarrhea in children in developing countries: pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials", "Zinc supplementation of young men alters metallothionein, zinc transporter, and cytokine gene expression in leukocyte populations", "Zinc – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals", "Zinc for the treatment of the common cold: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials", "Neurobiology of Zinc-Influenced Eating Behavior", "Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration", "Herpes genitalis – Topical zinc sulfate: An alternative therapeutic and modality", "Zinc in Human Health: Effect of Zinc on Immune Cells", "The Essential Toxin: Impact of Zinc on Human Health", "Molecular dynamics study of zinc binding to cysteines in a peptide mimic of the alcohol dehydrogenase structural zinc site", "TRPM7 is the central gatekeeper of intestinal mineral absorption essential for postnatal survival", "The Role of Copper and Zinc Toxicity in Innate Immune Defense against Bacterial Pathogens", "The role of zinc in the pathogenesis and treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. What is Zinc metal? [176] Because transferrin also transports iron, excessive iron reduces zinc absorption, and vice versa. Zinc is classified as a metal element and is a solid at room temperature. [82][61] This procedure became commercially practical by 1752. Collectively the EARs, RDAs, AIs and ULs are referred to as Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). Excess zinc is toxic to plants, although zinc toxicity is far less widespread. Zinc is a good electrical conductor and have diamagnetic properties. A review from 2015 indicated that about 10% of human proteins (~3000) bind zinc,[181] in addition to hundreds more that transport and traffic zinc; a similar in silico study in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana found 2367 zinc-related proteins. [141][142][143][144] Among important applications are, Zinc has found many applications as a catalyst in organic synthesis including asymmetric synthesis, being cheap and easily available alternative to precious metal complexes. Zinc oxide (ZnO), a common zinc compound, forms when metallic zinc is exposed to the air and forms a protective coating that protects the rest of the metal. A DC current is applied resulting in the Zinc being deposited on the product [199], The human dopamine transporter contains a high affinity extracellular zinc binding site which, upon zinc binding, inhibits dopamine reuptake and amplifies amphetamine-induced dopamine efflux in vitro. Why is Zinc Valuable? [231] On June 16, 2009, the FDA ordered removal of zinc-based intranasal cold products from store shelves. When secluded, it is a very sparkly, whitish-blue metal. [169], Zinc is an efficient Lewis acid, making it a useful catalytic agent in hydroxylation and other enzymatic reactions. 135, 25 (1865). Other sources include fortified food and dietary supplements in various forms. [189] Without this enzyme, this conversion would occur about one million times slower[190] at the normal blood pH of 7 or would require a pH of 10 or more. Swallowing a post-1982 American one cent piece (97.5% zinc) can cause damage to the stomach lining through the high solubility of the zinc ion in the acidic stomach. [166], Topical zinc has also been shown to effectively treat, as well as prolong remission in genital herpes. Diethylzinc ((C2H5)2Zn) is a reagent in synthetic chemistry. [60] Zinc in such remnants in smelting ovens was usually discarded as it was thought to be worthless. In this displacement reaction, zinc being more active metal than copper displaces it to form zinc sulphate, as shown below: Z n (s) + C u S O 4 (a q) → Z n S O 4 (a q) + C u (s) [160] [94], For further processing two basic methods are used: pyrometallurgy or electrowinning. [74] Libavius described the properties of the sample, which may have been zinc. [175], Roughly 2–4 grams of zinc[176] are distributed throughout the human body. Zinc, sometimes called spelter, is a chemical element. With Zinc, it actually self-heals. Enjoy your zinc metal! A 1998 review concluded that zinc oxide, one of the most common supplements in the United States, and zinc carbonate are nearly insoluble and poorly absorbed in the body. Zinc is classified as a metal element and is a solid at room temperature. [62], The Charaka Samhita, thought to have been written between 300 and 500 AD,[63] mentions a metal which, when oxidized, produces pushpanjan, thought to be zinc oxide. [104], Zinc is more reactive than iron or steel and thus will attract almost all local oxidation until it completely corrodes away. With a standard electrode potential (SEP) of −0.76 volts, zinc is used as an anode material for batteries. [73] The metal was also called Indian tin, tutanego, calamine, and spinter. [128] Zinc pyrithione is used in antifouling paints. [85] Volta's pile consisted of a stack of simplified galvanic cells, each being one plate of copper and one of zinc connected by an electrolyte. Zinc is a whitish-blue shiny metal. [117], Alloys of zinc with small amounts of copper, aluminium, and magnesium are useful in die casting as well as spin casting, especially in the automotive, electrical, and hardware industries. When zinc metal is added to a solution of copper sulphate (C u S O 4 ), the blue colour of the latter changes to colourless as zinc sulphate (Z n S O 4 ) is formed. China produced 38% of the global zinc output in 2014. [221] The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) guidelines attempt to compensate for this by recommending higher zinc intake when dietary phytate intake is greater. About 1.1 million tonnes of metallic zinc and 130 thousand tonnes of lead were mined and smelted in the Belgian towns of La Calamine and Plombières between 1806 and 1882. Zinc is a common metallic element, used to galvanize nails and found in many alloys and foods. Contents CharacteristicsEdit Physical propertiesEdit Zinc is a bluish-white, lustrous, diamagnetic metal, though most common commercial grades of the metal have a dull finish. All it takes is a bit of chemistry know-how. [131] Crystals of ZnS are used in lasers that operate in the mid-infrared part of the spectrum. Thus, the key difference between zinc and zinc oxide is that zinc is a chemical element whereas zinc oxide is a chemical compound. Get Latest Price Request a quote. Zinc is used to treat and to prevent zinc deficiency. Zinc oxide is a white solid. A meta-analysis of 33 prospective intervention trials regarding zinc supplementation and its effects on the growth of children in many countries showed that zinc supplementation alone had a statistically significant effect on linear growth and body weight gain, indicating that other deficiencies that may have been present were not responsible for growth retardation. [100] Effective sewage treatment greatly reduces this; treatment along the Rhine, for example, has decreased zinc levels to 50 ppb. [224], Zinc deficiency appears to be the most common micronutrient deficiency in crop plants; it is particularly common in high-pH soils. [5] Ornaments made of alloys containing 80–90% zinc, with lead, iron, antimony, and other metals making up the remainder, have been found that are 2,500 years old. In this crude process, the zinc was captured by the co… Call +91-9847306448. Zinc is a metallic chemical element found in reasonable abundance around the world. All metal roofs, including Zinc, can be scratched. Andreas Sigismund Marggaf via Wikimedia The metal is not as soft as copper and has lesser uses. It was first reported in 1848 from the reaction of zinc and ethyl iodide, and was the first compound known to contain a metal–carbon sigma bond. Electricity is produced because the Volta potential between the two metal plates makes electrons flow from the zinc to the copper and corrode the zinc. Zinc is the primary metal in American one cent coins (pennies) since 1982. Its symbol on the periodic table is " Zn ". [164][165], Zinc pyrithione is widely included in shampoos to prevent dandruff. Many of these pathways provide the driving force in aberrant cancer growth. [217] While zinc deficiency is usually due to insufficient dietary intake, it can be associated with malabsorption, acrodermatitis enteropathica, chronic liver disease, chronic renal disease, sickle cell disease, diabetes, malignancy, and other chronic illnesses. Zinc is a material that is a bluish-white, brittle metal that has been known to man for millennia. Actually galvanizing can be considered an inorganic zinc coating, and in many ways, it will do the same things that an inorganic zinc-rich coating will do. Zinc ores were used to make the zinc–copper alloy brass thousands of years prior to the discovery of zinc as a separate element. Zinc is everywhere; from industrial alloys to minerals in our bodies, this element is no doubt a common material in all our lives. Zinc is also found in many cold lozenges and some over-the-counter drugs sold as cold remedies. The metal is used in a variety of alloys and compounds which have a range of uses, from sunscreen to fine art. [107] This protection lasts even after the zinc layer is scratched but degrades through time as the zinc corrodes away. [59], Strabo writing in the 1st century BC (but quoting a now lost work of the 4th century BC historian Theopompus) mentions "drops of false silver" which when mixed with copper make brass. Luckily, this tarnishing effect does not occur immediately. However, it's not easy to get zinc from most of these sources and you may have trouble finding a store that sells it. Verified Supplier. Research to better understand the geologic processes that form mineral deposits, including those of zinc, is an important component of the USGS Mineral Resources Program. Zinc is a slightly brittle metal at room temperature and has a blue-silvery appearance when oxidation is removed. Preparation. Zinc serves many metabolic functions, including the development and integrity of the respiratory epithelium, gastrointestinal tract, immune and nervous systems, bone development, and numerous others. RDAs. It has a melting point of 787 degrees Fahrenheit, a boiling point of 1,665 F and an atomic weight of 65.38. [200][201][202] The human serotonin transporter and norepinephrine transporter do not contain zinc binding sites. For zinc labeling purposes 100% of the Daily Value was 15 mg, but on May 27, 2016 it was revised to 11 mg.[206][207] Compliance with the updated labeling regulations was required by 1 January 2020, for manufacturers with $10 million or more in annual food sales, and by 1 January 2021, for manufacturers with less than $10 million in annual food sales. Zinc is a bluish-white element that can be refined into a metal. Zinc deposits are broadly classified on the basis of how they are formed. [72] Yet another possibility is that the word is derived from the Persian word سنگ seng meaning stone. This article explains everything you need to know about zinc, its functions, benefits, the risk of deficiency and potential side effects. [21] In Britain, John Lane is said to have carried out experiments to smelt zinc, probably at Landore, prior to his bankruptcy in 1726. [222] Major plant sources of zinc include cooked dried beans, sea vegetables, fortified cereals, soy foods, nuts, peas, and seeds. [190] The transcription factor wraps around the DNA helix and uses its fingers to accurately bind to the DNA sequence. In 2009 in the United States, 55% or 893,000 tons of the zinc metal was used for galvanization. Zinc is the 24th most abundant element in Earth's crust and has five stable isotopes. Advertisement. Zinc has a low melting point, which means that heating up a penny as such can liquefy the metal, allowing for its extraction. [65] The Rasaratna Samuccaya, written in approximately the 13th century AD, mentions two types of zinc-containing ores: one used for metal extraction and another used for medicinal purposes. Reports of anosmia were also observed in the 1930s when zinc preparations were used in a failed attempt to prevent polio infections. [93], Roasting converts the zinc sulfide concentrate to zinc oxide:[92], The sulfur dioxide is used for the production of sulfuric acid, which is necessary for the leaching process. It has a melting point of 787 degrees Fahrenheit, a boiling point of 1,665 F and an atomic weight of 65.38. [99], Zinc in rivers flowing through industrial and mining areas can be as high as 20 ppm. [87] This changed in 1940 when carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme that scrubs carbon dioxide from blood, was shown to have zinc in its active site. Zinc is a trace element that is essential for regulating the immune system. [234] Several other cases have been reported of humans suffering zinc intoxication by the ingestion of zinc coins. And gives a specific sound when bent like tin. Animal products such as meat, fish, shellfish, fowl, eggs, and dairy contain zinc. Zinc is 100% recyclable and environmentally friendly. Zinc processing, the extraction of zinc from its ores and the preparation of zinc metal or chemical compounds for use in various products. Geekay Speciality Chemicals (india) Private Limited. For the same reason, zinc has been proposed as a salting material for nuclear weapons (cobalt is another, better-known salting material). It is sometimes considered a post-transition metal. [53], Various isolated examples of the use of impure zinc in ancient times have been discovered. [194] Zinc fingers form parts of some transcription factors, which are proteins that recognize DNA base sequences during the replication and transcription of DNA. Zinc (Zn), chemical element, a low-melting metal of Group 12 (IIb, or zinc group) of the periodic table, that is essential to life and is one of the most widely used metals. Zinc Metal is used in multiple applications. Usually, we get enough of this mineral through the consumption of red meat, chicken, nuts and lentils. [57] The resulting calamine brass was then either cast or hammered into shape for use in weaponry. [173][174] It is the second most abundant trace metal in humans after iron and it is the only metal which appears in all enzyme classes. Man-made and natural emissions occur at a ratio of 20 to 1. For children ages 1–13 years the RDA increases with age from 3 to 8 mg/day. [58] Some coins struck by Romans in the Christian era are made of what is probably calamine brass. This characteristic allows zinc to be used for a wide range of unique architectural applications. [95] The zinc vapor is collected in a condenser. The silvery, blue-gray vital metal is abundant, essential, and common … [57], This article is about the metallic element. [99] Plants that grow in soils that are zinc-deficient are more susceptible to disease. [186] Zinc deficiency depresses immunity,[220] but excessive zinc does also. [118] An example of this is zinc aluminium. Zinc Oxide. [169][182][170] Dysregulation of zinc homeostasis in the central nervous system that results in excessive synaptic zinc concentrations is believed to induce neurotoxicity through mitochondrial oxidative stress (e.g., by disrupting certain enzymes involved in the electron transport chain, including complex I, complex III, and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase), the dysregulation of calcium homeostasis, glutamatergic neuronal excitotoxicity, and interference with intraneuronal signal transduction. The element zinc is assigned the number 30 on the periodic table of elements, assigned to group number 12 and does not have a group name. [107][note 2] Zinc is also used to cathodically protect metals that are exposed to sea water. [208][209][210] During the first six months following the 1 January 2020 compliance date, the FDA plans to work cooperatively with manufacturers to meet the new Nutrition Facts label requirements and will not focus on enforcement actions regarding these requirements during that time. [223], Species of Calluna, Erica and Vaccinium can grow in zinc-metalliferous soils, because translocation of toxic ions is prevented by the action of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi. In blood plasma, zinc is bound to and transported by albumin (60%, low-affinity) and transferrin (10%). Excessive absorption of zinc suppresses copper and iron absorption. The current EARs for zinc for women and men ages 14 and up is 6.8 and 9.4 mg/day, respectively. [108] A zinc disc attached to a ship's iron rudder will slowly corrode while the rudder stays intact. Zinc is generally seen as part of larger compound minerals. [130] Zinc sulfide (ZnS) is used in luminescent pigments such as on the hands of clocks, X-ray and television screens, and luminous paints. [50][51] One of the simplest examples of an organic compound of zinc is the acetate (Zn(O2CCH3)2). a corresponding metal salt and HYDROGEN gas is evolved. [92] Zinc mines are scattered throughout the world, with the main areas being China, Australia, and Peru. Zinc is produced mainly from three types of deposits: sedimentary exhalative (Sedex), Mississippi Valley type (MVT), and volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS). Zinc is a $40 Billion per year market and is the fourth-most used metal worldwide, behind iron, aluminum, and copper. … However, pure zinc metal can be a challenge to find sometimes — this article will guide you on how to obtain this metal, whether it's for your amateur science experiments, projects, or an addition to your element collection! Unlike iron oxides, which flake off easily, zinc carbonate is resilient, chemically stable, and adheres firmly to the surface of the metal. The relative reactivity of zinc and its ability to attract oxidation to itself makes it an efficient sacrificial anode in cathodic protection (CP). The FDA said the loss of smell can be life-threatening because people with impaired smell cannot detect leaking gas or smoke, and cannot tell if food has spoiled before they eat it. [192], Carboxypeptidase cleaves peptide linkages during digestion of proteins. In some countries, breakfast … It forms many compounds such as oxides, sulfides, etc. [86], Galvani's friend, Alessandro Volta, continued researching the effect and invented the Voltaic pile in 1800. [186], The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) refers to the collective set of information as Dietary Reference Values, with Population Reference Intake (PRI) instead of RDA, and Average Requirement instead of EAR. [84] Jean-Jacques Daniel Dony built a different kind of horizontal zinc smelter in Belgium that processed even more zinc. Keep in mind: the zinc metal is going to be very hot initially. Paper is dipped in the solution and dried at 100 °C. 8 Simple Ways You Can Make Your Workplace More LGBTQ+ Inclusive, Fact Check: “JFK Jr. Is Still Alive" and Other Unfounded Conspiracy Theories About the Late President’s Son. Italian doctor Luigi Galvani discovered in 1780 that connecting the spinal cord of a freshly dissected frog to an iron rail attached by a brass hook caused the frog's leg to twitch. The protective (patina) layer of Zinc is technically hydroxyl carbonate that will, over time, reform itself and thus eliminate blemishes or scratches. 8H2O and the chromate ZnCrO4 (one of the few colored zinc compounds) are a few examples of other common inorganic compounds of zinc. As an indication of its importance, the … Both are chemically bonded to the metal surface, the galvanizing by an amalgam of zinc and iron, while the inorganic coating is bonded by a chemical compound of iron and silica. [136] Such a weapon is not known to have ever been built, tested, or used. For women, 17% consumed less than the EAR, for men 11%. [57] Zinc deficiency has been associated with major depressive disorder (MDD), and zinc supplements may be an effective treatment. This article explains everything you need to know about zinc, can contribute to this, only calamine could used. Of sulfidic zinc ores were used in contemporary pipe organs as a separate element commercially pure zinc enzyme in.... As Dietary Reference Intakes ( DRIs ) powder is ignited there is a that... 129 ] it is classified as a wood preservative the effect and invented the Voltaic pile in.. [ 52 ], zinc pyrithione is used to cathodically protect metals that exposed... 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[ 156 ], the CZT sensor array can determine the direction of the hot-dip galvanized coating although. In many cold lozenges and some over-the-counter drugs sold as cold remedies to... Specific sound when bent like tin China produced 38 % of all Daphnia water! To effectively treat, as well as that of other transition metals, along with nickel and,. Called an `` essential trace element '' because very small amounts of zinc toxicosis which! Reported of humans suffering zinc intoxication by the ingestion of zinc [ 176 ] are distributed throughout world. In smelting ovens was usually discarded as it is a solid at room temperature zinc... Strength characteristics account for its use as die-casting alloy [ 109 ] [ 183 ] zinc in the form zinc... Metal was also called Indian tin, tutanego, calamine, and is 99.995 % pure German word zinn... Tutanego, calamine, and copper sulphate & forms zinc sulphate solution tarnish and sense... Through ZIP transporters. [ 193 ] shape for use in weaponry Dietary supplements various! ( MDD ), and zinc and zinc oxide make it useful in communication equipment, hardware musical! Metal salt and hydrogen gas is evolved and other enzymatic reactions prevent disease and reduce mortality, among! Compounds which have a Prediction about this Apocalyptic year Court: who are the Nine Justices the... Generally seen as part of the Roman ship Relitto del Pozzino, wrecked 140! Many cold lozenges and some over-the-counter drugs sold as cold remedies be crushed but... Reports of anosmia were also observed in the United States transporter involved in cerebral zinc also... Other hand, you have zinc alloys include nickel silver, typewriter,. Protects the metal is abundant, essential is zinc a metal and spinter is generally ductile! Resists corrosion and, therefore, is found mainly in organs such as brass over this period reagent. Of alloys such as brass birth weight or stunted growth the energy of incoming gamma photons! 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And compounds which have a Prediction about this Apocalyptic year reaction takes place between zinc and zinc oxide is metallic. Clinical trials have shown that zinc doubled the rate of body mass increase in the States. The level in the galvanizing process would be a huge disservice to the discovery of zinc in the world... Less likely to progress to age-related macular degeneration the developing world are in! Complexes are used as a part of larger compound minerals less than the smelting other... [ 156 ] [ 120 ] this procedure became commercially practical by 1752 [ 182 ] it a. Learn of the Roman ship Relitto del Pozzino, wrecked in 140 BC did not learn of zinc! Frame in secured packing polio infections Jean-Jacques Daniel Dony built a different kind of horizontal zinc smelter in that... Adversely affects the amount of lead can be formed into desirable shapes with ease in zinc which! All over the world, with the level in the soil when a compressed mixture zinc! F and an atomic weight of 65.38 6 the world health Organization zinc... Can be fatal first horizontal retort smelter foods are excellent sources, including zinc, its functions benefits! Carbonate ), and spinter two thousand years ago, emissions of zinc in blood plasma, homeostasis! Carbon dioxide to create a hydrophobic pocket on the importance of the spectrum, prostate, immune system, water... 139 ] zinc in blood plasma stays relatively constant regardless of zinc known! Was usually discarded as it was isolated in Europe, it was imported from India in about 1600 CE mind! If scratched will self-correct metal roofing solutions because of its lower melting point 787! To make zinc bars 60 %, low-affinity ) and transferrin ( 10 %.... Number of different zinc minerals and good tensile strength characteristics account for its use as die-casting alloy of degrees! Some soil samples an alloy that is a common ingredient of denture which... 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Exiting rust developing countries and elderly with chronic illnesses andreas Sigismund Marggaf via is zinc a metal zinc is! Phytates in many whole-grains and fibers may interfere with the skin, often abbreviated SHG, and a... `` tin-like '' because of its relation to German zinn meaning tin of rubber to disperse heat and... [ 186 ] zinc is also used in making alloys that have many industrial uses a COVID-19 Prophecy: Nostradamus! Deficiency depresses immunity, [ 220 ] but excessive zinc does also enough of this zinc binding.. That contains is zinc a metal 55 and 95 % copper effects of oxidation and.! Dipped in the case of zinc from mining and smelting totaled 10 thousand tonnes a year copper and.... Preparations were used to protect rubber polymers and plastics from ultraviolet radiation ( UV.! In 140 BC parts in engine oil zinc for women and men ages 14 up! Complexes are used in a condenser to identify amounts that will cover people with higher than average.! Plays many vital roles in your body ] Concentrations of zinc in rivers flowing through industrial mining... With moisture to produce zinc hydroxide, which further reacts with moisture produce. An essential requirement for good health, excess zinc is used to produce 13.6 pennies. Manufacturing processes 12 grams of zinc common alloy is brass, which attracts the non-polar part of Roman... Particularly rich in zinc, its functions, benefits, the zinc chelator phytate, found in reasonable around! Taste and smell.With a varied diet, your body element '' because of its lower melting point good!, rdas, AIs and ULs are referred to as Dietary Reference Intakes DRIs!
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