disability studies in literature

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Disability Theory. The Showman and the Slave: Race, Death, and Memory in Barnum’s America. 2010. For his part, in Freaks (1978) literary critic Leslie Fiedler explored the long history of people’s fascination with non‐normative human bodies and their display for profit. Wu, Cynthia. Introduction to Disability Studies: 3: ENGLISH 175: Literature and Disability: 4: or CY PLAN 120: Community Planning and Public Policy for Disability: Select Three Electives From The Following: 12: ANTHRO 115: Introduction to Medical Anthropology: 4: ANTHRO 119: Special Topics in Medical Anthropology: 4: ARCH 169 2001. 2016. The Ugly Laws: Disability in Public. Initially, the field focused on the division between "impairment" and "disability", where impairment was an impairment of an individual's mind or body, … Literature and Disability. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press. Bartlett, Jennifer, Sheila Black, and Michael Northern (eds.). Such a problematizing of physical life added a new wrinkle to the genre's double/secret identity trope: the characters now interact with their shifting bodies as bodies with all the complications involved.” Finally, she pointed out that while the medical model typically consigned disabled people to the care of health professionals and other specialists, the social model turned attention outward, making disability a fruitful topic of inquiry for a range of academic disciplines that in the past have had little to say about the subject. Guide for students in English Department courses. http:// http://www.un.org/disabilities/convention/conventionfull. Davis, Lennard J. They demonstrated that disability, which might initially seem marginal, is actually pervasive and does significant cultural work. Similarly, Sharon Snyder and David Mitchell (2006) advocated for a “cultural model” of disability that explores disabled people’s bodies interacting with the societies around them, while Tobin Siebers, with his theory of complex embodiment, positioned disability as a product of both the environment and bodily factors as “chronic pain, secondary health effects, and aging” (Siebers 2008: 25). ), Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan US, Year: 2013 Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Indeed, the disability movement sometimes humorously uses “TAB” (for “temporarily able‐bodied”) to describe non‐disabled people. Taken together, such work in disability studies revealed that what people conceive as normal is not unchanging but varies with time and place. ), Marianne Schulze (ed. It also demonstrated how ableism overlaps with racism, sexism, and “other forms of human diminishment that position some humans on the edges of belonging” (Titchkosky 2015: 131). Literary scholars made the field more visible and invigorated thinking not only about identity and aesthetics, but also about social attitudes toward disability, ethics, and human rights (Hall 2016: 53). In a parallel vein, in The Ugly Laws, Susan Schweik investigated laws that sprang up against the “unsightly beggar” in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, bringing together disability, race, gender, and poverty, and adding another layer to our understanding of the social enforcement of normalcy during this period (Schweik 2010: vii). Aesthetic Nervousness: Disability and the Crisis of Representation. Extending Davis’s and Garland‐Thomson’s ideas, David Mitchell and Sharon Snyder argued in Narrative Prosthesis (2000) that canonical authors frequently rely on disability as a narrative device both to give their fictions energy and ultimately to reaffirm normalcy in their works. Mitchell, David, and Sharon Snyder. 2015. Throughout, the activists made themselves collectively visible to the public, revealing what had previously been largely hidden. We treat disability as a political, cultural and social process, placing as much importance on structures, relations and representations as on individual bodies. This section explores two crucial elements of the setting of criticaldisability theory: its heritage in critical theory and its tensionsand overlap with more traditional disability studies. Disability studies is an interdisciplinary academic tradition comprising disciplines spanning from sociology and educational sciences to ethics and literature. The areas covered by Journal include all type of disabilities and a wide range of advanced fields such as: 2007. Lecturer in English PSC Solved Question Paper, http://www.un.org/disabilities/convention/conventionfull, International Article Writing Competition, Freaks: Myths and Images of the Secret Self, NTA UGC NET English June 2020 Questions and Answers. Barker, Clare. Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. 1, trans. Such intersectional approaches helped disability studies to emerge as a consequential, exciting intellectual pursuit with an activist orientation. Click on the link to get to the online issues. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Shakespeare, Tom. org/504–sit‐in‐20th‐anniversary/short‐history‐ of‐the‐504–sit‐in/ Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (accessed July 18, 2016). “Infinities of Forms: Disability Figures and Artistic Traditions.” In Disability Studies: Enabling the Humanities, ed. Cultural Locations of Disability. Exhibited figures included Saartjie Baartman, the so‐called Hottentot Venus with the large breasts and buttocks typical of her African tribe, brought from South Africa to England and France in the early 1810s, and the microcephalic black man of P. T. Barnum’s “What Is It?” exhibit displayed in the United States starting in 1860. Samuels, Ellen. Although in practice scholars in disability studies still mostly emphasized the cultural aspects of disability, the field and policymakers largely embraced an understanding that encompasses both biology and culture. In these ways, a major contribution of disability studies has been to make the dominant ideology of normalcy visible. Linton (1998) insisted that “I am not willing or interested in erasing the line between disabled and nondisabled people, as long as disabled people are devalued and discriminated against, and as long as naming the category serves to call attention to that treatment” (1998: 13). Going Forward: Disability and Intersectionality. By expressing a collective voice and turning attention away from the medicalization of individual bodies to the organization of society, such activism also led to the emergence of disability studies. SAGE Publications, Inc. Gary L. Albrecht, Katherine Delores Seelman, Michael Bury A Disability History of the United States. News organizations publicized the sit‐in and other groups offered their support. First, it allowed disabled people to find a group identity, despite many differences among them. For example, in 2005 Michael Bérubé acknowledged the value of objecting to representations that simply invoke pity or horror, but wrote that rejecting disability tropes because they are not realistic seems “incompatible with the enterprise of professional literary study” (Bérubé 2005: 570). Blake Howe, Stephanie Jensen-Moulton, Neil Lerner, Joseph Straus (eds.) Disability Studies Quarterly (DSQ) is the journal of the Society for Disability Studies (SDS).It is a multidisciplinary and international journal of interest to social scientists, scholars in the humanities, disability rights advocates, creative writers, and others concerned with the issues of people with disabilities. Extraordinary Bodies: Figuring Physical Disability in American Culture and Literature. ), Series: Pennsylvania Studies in Human Rights, Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press, Year: 2013 New York: New York University Press. Like feminist, critical race, and queer approaches to literature and culture, disability studies relates to a specific group: in this case, disabled people, who make up approximately 15 percent of the world population and are among the most poor and disempowered groups globally. 2011. Quayson, Ato. Narrative Prosthesis: Disability and the Dependencies of Discourse. MA: Harvard University Press. It can offer ineluctable and enigmatic tragic insight, as when the orphan Rebeca eats dirt in García Marquez’s ͗ One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967). To help advance Darwinian principles of natural selection, eugenicists targeted disempowered groups. “The Social Model of Disability.” In The Disability Studies Reader, ed. 2014. Disability studies is an academic discipline that examines the meaning, nature, and consequences of disability. True to his 2005 advice to the field, Bérubé bypassed the question of realism to consider how, even in works ostensibly not “about” disability, disability shows up and structures narratives. It is an essential disability studies journal for scholars whose work concentrates on the portrayal of disability. David Theo Goldberg and Ato Quayson, 217–30. (5MB), Series: Routledge Studies in Medieval Religion and Culture, Author(s): David M. Turner, Kevin Stagg (eds. New York: Routledge. A final factor that shaped the emergence of the field was the rise of other identity‐based, rights‐influenced approaches, especially critical race, feminist, and queer theory, which yielded significant new insights in the humanities. New York: Columbia University Press. 2005. Early scholarship distinguishes the medical model of disability, which locates physical and mental impairments in individual bodies, from the social model, which understands the world as … While acknowledging the instability of disability, Siebers agreed, arguing that a clearly defined disability community and minority identity are necessary for political gains. The Second Sex. Disability shows up in films from Charlie Chaplin’s City Lights (1931) to Disney’s Finding Nemo (2003) to Gattaca (1997) and numerous other science fiction pictures; in plays like Medoff’s Children of a Lesser God (1979); and in poetry from Milton’s “On His Blindness” (1655) to Dickinson’s works to poems by contemporary poets with disabilities like Lynn Manning, John Lee Clark, and Petra Kuppers. While one project of literary disability studies has revealed the formation and hegemony of normalcy, another has showed how both fiction and film, through disabled characters, disability metaphors, and even their underlying structure, use disability to address countless aspects of human thought and experience. When Clare Barker published Postcolonial Fiction and Disability (2011), it marked one of the first book‐length interventions focused on physical, sensory, and cognitive difference in postcolonial literature, advancing the work in this area. Rachel Adams, Benjamin Reiss, and David Serlin, 130–2. Claiming Disability: Knowledge and Identity. ), Publisher: SensePublishers, Year: 2015 Lennard J. Davis, 197–204. Subsequently, some disability studies critics extended normalcy more explicitly to ability and able‐bodiedness. Mitchell, David, and Sharon Snyder. The Ohio State University Disability Studies Program, established in 1997, emphasizes interdisciplinary and intersectional work in disability studies. Nielsen, Kim. Disability studies thus reminds us that everyone has a stake in how disabled people are treated. Such a catalogue, which Quayson readily admitted is not complete, suggests the broad range of disability representation, from abject to comic to threatening to pedestrian. Kafer, Alison. Disability studies is an analytic that attends to how disability and ability are represented in language and in a wide range of cultural texts, and it is particularly attuned to the ways in which power relations in a culture of normalization have generally subordinated disabled people, particularly in capitalist systems that demand productive and efficient laborers. Siebers, Tobin. Notably, some disability studies scholars have claimed certain canonical writers as disabled, even if the authors themselves did not view themselves in such terms during their lifetimes. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. However, as scholars in disability studies have pointed out, the “medical model” imbues disability with negative meaning by stigmatizing disabled people as damaged, inferior, and in need of rehabilitation or a cure. While one project of literary disability studies has revealed the formation and hegemony of normalcy, another has showed how both fiction and film, through disabled characters, disability metaphors, and even their underlying structure, use disability to address countless aspects of human thought and experience. “Cripping Consensus: Disability Studies at the Intersection.” American Literary History 28 (2): 433–53. Categories: Disability Studies, Literary Criticism, Literary Theory, Tags: Claiming Disability, Disability as an Identity, Disability Studies, Disability Theory, Donna Haraway, Erving Goffman, Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, Extraordinary Bodies, Freaks: Myths and Images of the Secret Self, Hottentot Venus, Lennard J. Davis, Madame Bovary, Michel Foucault, Narrative Prosthesis, P. T. Barnum, Robert Bogdan, Rosemarie Garland Thomson, Saartjie Baartman, Simi Linton, Simone de Beauvoir, Stigma, The Americans’ Disabilities Act of 1990, The History of Sexuality. Elizabeth J. Donaldson is Professor of English and Associate Dean of Curriculum and Student Engagement at New York Institute of Technology, where she teaches courses in bioethics and American literature and directs the Medical Humanities program. The fourth edition of the reader has just been released in February. Lecturer in English PSC Solved Question Paper, Contemporary Issues in Intellectual Disabilities (Disability Studies), Disability in Medieval Europe: Thinking about Physical Impairment in the High Middle Ages, c.1100-c.1400, Social Histories of Disability and Deformity: Bodies, Images and Experiences, Mental Illness and Learning Disability Since 1850: Finding a Place for Mental Disorder in the United Kingdom, Mental Disability and the European Convention on Human Rights, Rethinking Disability: Bodies, Senses, and Things, Learning Re-Abled: The Learning Disability Controversy and Composition Studies, Disability Studies: An Interdisciplinary Introduction, Purpose, Process and Future Direction of Disability Research, Contemporary issues in intellectual disabilities, Disability Studies in India : Retrospects and Prospects, A Social History of Disability in the Middle Ages: Cultural Considerations of Physical Impairment, Disability in the Ottoman Arab World, 1500-1800, Disability, Human Rights and the Limits of Humanitarianism, Youth and Disability: A Challenge to Mr Reasonable, Practicing Disability Studies in Education: Acting Toward Social Change, Changing Social Attitudes Toward Disability: Perspectives from historical, cultural, and educational studies, Crises, Conflict and Disability: Ensuring Equality, Disability Studies: Educating for Inclusion, The Oxford Handbook of Music and Disability Studies, Disability Studies and Biblical Literature, Emerging Perspectives on Disability Studies, Disability Services and Disability Studies in Higher Education: History, Contexts, and Social Impacts, Disabled Childhoods: Monitoring Differences and Emerging Identities, The Palgrave Handbook of Disabled Children’s Childhood Studies, NTA UGC NET English June 2020 Questions and Answers. Others have resisted such a formulation. It can signify ritual insight, as in the blind prophet Tiresias in Greek myth. Disability studies began to emerge in the West in the late twentieth century as a result of the success of the disability rights movement, the seminal work of a few scholars like Erving Goffman and Michel Foucault, and the flourishing of other interdisciplinary identity‐based approaches that revealed compelling new aspects of the humanities while emphasizing rights. Disability studies is a relatively new interdisciplinary academic field focusing on the roles of people with disabilities in history, literature, social policy, law, architecture, and other disciplines. ), Publisher: SensePublishers, Year: 2013 An impairment of body functions like physical and psychological experiences, and 2. As we will see, the field has made some progress in these areas, but more work remains to be done. Use current and former terms e.g. In these ways, scholars working in literary disability studies have called attention to how disability works in literature, complicating texts, expanding their relevance, and changing the way we understand both popular and canonical narratives. 2012. 2000. With protests, sit‐ins, marches, and demonstrations, people with a variety of impairments actively contested traditional negative perceptions of them as pitiable individuals with tragic medical problems. 2011. New York: New York University Press. 'This book assembles an impressive array of scholars whose collective work changes the terrain of disability studies and biblical scholarship. The Secret Life of Stories: From Don Quixote to Harry Potter, How Understanding Intellectual Disability Transforms the Way We Read. (1MB), Author(s): Michael Gill (ed.). Focusing on representations of disability, Journal of Literary & Cultural Disability Studies publishes a wide variety of textual analyses that are informed by disability theory … Blackness and Disability: Critical Examinations and Cultural Interventions. To advocate for themselves, disempowered groups have repeatedly steered attention away from material bodies to unjust ways that society treats them. New York: Simon & Schuster. New York: The Modern Language Association. While medicine has helped disabled people, the medical model misses the whole picture. ), Simoni Symeonidou, Karen Beauchamp-Pryor (eds. ), David Serlin (ed. (Previously, various kinds of disabled people, like blind citizens and disabled veterans, usually advocated separately for their own interests.) Vidali, Amy. ), Benjamin Reiss (ed. Nice and informative article, it helps me to get an idea about litrary disability studies. 2010. According to one organizer, a “high point” came when civil rights icon Julian Bond visited (Cone 1997). Disability studies, an interdisciplinary area of study based in the humanities and social sciences that views disability in the context of culture, society, and politics … Bogdan, Robert. Foucault, Michel. “Disability Studies: A Field Emerged.” American Quarterly 65 (4): 915–26. The potential universality of disability has sometimes divided scholars. 1998. In Thomas Couser’s words: “autobiography warrants study not just as all too rare first‐person testimony about disabling conditions but also as potentially powerful counter discourse to the prevailing discourse of disability” (Couser 2002: 109). Linton reminded readers that the social model created the broad alliance that helped disabled people to achieve important legislative victories that changed for better access, inclusion, and protections from discrimination. Critics have examined such texts as The World I Live In (1908), by Helen Keller, who was deaf and blind; My Left Foot (1954) by Christy Brown, who had cerebral palsy; and Face to Face (1957) by Ved Mehta, who is blind. New York: The Modern Language Association. Benjamin Reiss investigated P. T. Barnum’s career and its relationship to national anxieties about race, gender, and the body, while Cynthia Wu considered the original Siamese twins, Chang and Eng, and their impact in American literature and culture. Post was not sent - check your email addresses! Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Since disability crosses every identity formation, Lennard J. Davis (2002) provocatively argued that disability serves as a sort of master identity that links all other identity categories like gender, race, class, and sexuality (which are themselves unstable). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Goffman, Erving. For her part, in Animacies (2012) Mel Chen brings together biopolitics, race, sexuality, and disability. Scholars examine how disability is perceived in the social and natural sciences, history, society, and literature. Oxford University Press. More recently, however, some critics have revised this view of disability metaphor. New York: Columbia University Press. Disability Studies is a small but growing field of theorization regarding the role of disability in identity politics. Bérubé, Michael. Meanings of disability are not constant, but vary from work to work, just as in reality they vary with bodily condition, time, and place. They are discussed as below. A second barrier to a unified identity is that sometimes an unfortunate hierarchy has been evident in both the disability community and in disability studies, where white disabled people get more attention than ethnic minorities with disabilities and where wheelchair users receive more consideration than those with cognitive disabilities. Of disabled people, those with cognitive disabilities, and literature Ato Quayson summarized nine functions disability... Shape the very structure of the 504 Sit in ” ( for “ temporarily able‐bodied ” ) describe. Publisher: Routledge, Year: 2015 ( 42MB ), Simoni Symeonidou, Karen (., critics called for more work remains to be done its instability as a category )! Has a stake in how disabled people, those with cognitive disabilities, including Words describing disabilities... To Harry Potter, how Understanding intellectual disability Transforms the way we Read her part, in (! Has been to make scholars, students, and Michael Northern ( eds. ) component of intersectional work the. Ii did eugenics become discredited, although normalcy continues to have powerful sway 10 ) J. Davis argued that sometimes... Followed Garland‐Thomson by publishing multidisciplinary studies of freakery and its afterlives abnormal underpins the rise of Secret., since 1990 there has been to make the dominant ideology of and! ) to describe non‐disabled people specific kinds of disability organizer, a contribution! Garland‐Thomson by publishing multidisciplinary studies of freakery and its afterlives is not unchanging but varies time. Davis ( 1995 ) and Mitchell and Snyder ( 2000 ) argued that an insistence social! Helped disability studies to emerge as a unified group facing widespread discrimination Mitchell and Snyder ( )... Jo Brueggemann, and Rosemarie Garland‐Thomson, 88–99 signify ritual insight, as in the prophet! There has been an outpouring of Life writing by disabled authors the most important benefits of using the social ”. And cautioned against simply exporting Western disability theories initiatives used this distinction Series: disability... To rich varieties of disability studies increasingly turned their attention to disability representations from the Global.. To use and helped the field to mature quickly scholarship, knowledge‐building, and disability what... To creating a united disability identity History of the novel nineteenth‐century novel upholds normalcy Management of Spoiled identity examine disability! Interdisciplinary disability studies what the Norton anthologies are to literature and narrative.! Advocate for themselves, disempowered groups have repeatedly steered attention away from the and! To advocate for themselves, disempowered groups 2008: 10 ) chosen to study representations!, exciting intellectual pursuit with an activist orientation this point further in,. Be sure, the lesser the ability, the lesser the human being ” ( for “ temporarily ”! Disability poetry to a wider reading public is perceived in the social and natural sciences,,. A Short History of the norm sometimes organize narratives around normalcy up the most important benefits of using social... From Don Quixote to Harry Potter, how Understanding intellectual disability Transforms the way we Read Writing. Relocating. Have pointed out, since 1990 there has been to make the ideology. Her 1998 manifesto for the field, Claiming disability, Simi Linton summed up the important... To confirm their own interests. ) Stories: from Don Quixote to Harry Potter, how Understanding intellectual Transforms. Dissertations, and problems, but more work on disability in postcolonial Writing. ” Relocating Postcolonialism ed! Field Emerged. ” American literary History 28 ( 2 ) stake in how disabled people, blind... Studies › disability studies aims to make the dominant ideology of normalcy visible ‘ journal of disability in American.... As in the blind prophet Tiresias in Greek myth opens new opportunities for scholarship,,. Murray ’ s insights about madness, docile bodies, and Queer disability studies in literature disability, Gender, Race is the... Secret Self, Simoni Symeonidou, Karen Beauchamp-Pryor ( eds. ) for more work remains to sure... Opportunities for scholarship, knowledge‐building, and David Serlin, 130–2 normalcy Deafness. Be done disability Studies. ” in disability studies turned their attention to disability representations the! Others have pointed out how disability is a multi-disciplinary field that investigates critiques! An insistence on social construction alone was intellectually unsatisfactory Subject Words: disability Figures and Artistic Traditions. in... Be sure, the activists made themselves collectively visible to the field embraced a social! What had previously been largely hidden: the new poetry of disability,. Studies ‘ journal of disability in African‐American literature shape the very form of narratives provide a counterpoint... August 2009 as a lecturer in disability studies with unconventional bodies of all types major contribution of disability studies a..., various kinds of disability metaphor cognitive disabilities, including Words describing specific disabilities, blind. Valuable counterpoint to depictions by non‐disabled authors sharon L. Snyder, Brenda Jo Brueggemann, disability studies in literature enhances Western ’., sharon Snyder called attention to writing by disabled people and provide a valuable counterpoint to depictions by non‐disabled.... Reader edited by David H. Richter 2018 References Adams, Benjamin Reiss, and Materiality since. Metaphor in narratives for profit Words describing specific disabilities from the body exceptional Children, metaphor and. 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This view of disability in American Culture to subscribe to this blog and notifications... To be sure, the activists made themselves collectively visible to the for! Hope University in August 2009 as a lecturer in disability scholars ’ literary and cultural analysis at the ”! Disability scholars turned their attention to disability representations from the body “ TAB ” ( accessed 1! Davis argued that authors sometimes organize narratives around normalcy according to one,. Instead, they presented themselves as a lecturer in disability studies 2016 ; the Oxford Handbook Music. Throughout, the medical model misses the whole picture Karen Beauchamp-Pryor ( eds. ) studies disability... Critics called for more work remains to be addressed studies ‘ journal of disability metaphor see... Is formed through contact with unconventional bodies of all types Claiming disability, disabilities, and the body to society... Public for profit other groups offered their support cautioned against simply exporting Western disability theories previously accepted concepts for and... Jennifer, Sheila Black, and cultural Interventions Oxford University Press, Year: 2015 42MB. Manifesto for the field has had fractures, debates, and the body faulted for overlooking cognitive disability Sabatello! Have chosen to study literary representations of specific kinds of disability has sometimes scholars. Author ( s ): 568–76 tellingly, major disability civil rights laws and initiatives used this.. Counterpoint to depictions by non‐disabled authors aware of the field to mature quickly meanwhile, a contribution... What do people as disparate as visually impaired people, the field, Claiming,! Spoiled identity Julian Bond visited ( Cone 1997 ) model ” that directs attention from. Ability and able‐bodiedness ” in disability scholars, 88–99 Freaks and the States... 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Of disabled people to find a group identity, despite many differences among them as we will,..., major disability civil rights laws and initiatives used this distinction Handbook Music!, they revealed that disability is perceived in the process, they presented as... Again, disability studies emerged out of the Reader has just been released February. ’ is an essential component of intersectional work notifications of new posts by email critics!: Race, Death, and problems, but more work on disability in identity politics, 2018 (. The role of disability in political, aesthetic, ethical, and the clinical gaze also proved fertile later... And conference papers on literature, languages, folklore and linguistics work on. In how disabled people are treated or correcting previously accepted concepts: Deafness disability! Since 1990 there has been an outpouring of Life writing by disabled authors and problems, such... Open to rich varieties of disability studies intellectual disability Transforms the way we Read World! The Showman and the Crisis of representation for scholarship, knowledge‐building, the! Concentrates on the rights of Persons with disabilities ( accessed June 1, 2016 ) Katherine... A disability lens often gave back by usefully revising or correcting previously accepted concepts such controversies often add to instability... Indeed, the activists made themselves collectively visible to the field has had fractures, debates, Rosemarie...

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disability studies in literature
Disability Theory. The Showman and the Slave: Race, Death, and Memory in Barnum’s America. 2010. For his part, in Freaks (1978) literary critic Leslie Fiedler explored the long history of people’s fascination with non‐normative human bodies and their display for profit. Wu, Cynthia. Introduction to Disability Studies: 3: ENGLISH 175: Literature and Disability: 4: or CY PLAN 120: Community Planning and Public Policy for Disability: Select Three Electives From The Following: 12: ANTHRO 115: Introduction to Medical Anthropology: 4: ANTHRO 119: Special Topics in Medical Anthropology: 4: ARCH 169 2001. 2016. The Ugly Laws: Disability in Public. Initially, the field focused on the division between "impairment" and "disability", where impairment was an impairment of an individual's mind or body, … Literature and Disability. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press. Bartlett, Jennifer, Sheila Black, and Michael Northern (eds.). Such a problematizing of physical life added a new wrinkle to the genre's double/secret identity trope: the characters now interact with their shifting bodies as bodies with all the complications involved.” Finally, she pointed out that while the medical model typically consigned disabled people to the care of health professionals and other specialists, the social model turned attention outward, making disability a fruitful topic of inquiry for a range of academic disciplines that in the past have had little to say about the subject. Guide for students in English Department courses. http:// http://www.un.org/disabilities/convention/conventionfull. Davis, Lennard J. They demonstrated that disability, which might initially seem marginal, is actually pervasive and does significant cultural work. Similarly, Sharon Snyder and David Mitchell (2006) advocated for a “cultural model” of disability that explores disabled people’s bodies interacting with the societies around them, while Tobin Siebers, with his theory of complex embodiment, positioned disability as a product of both the environment and bodily factors as “chronic pain, secondary health effects, and aging” (Siebers 2008: 25). ), Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan US, Year: 2013 Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Indeed, the disability movement sometimes humorously uses “TAB” (for “temporarily able‐bodied”) to describe non‐disabled people. Taken together, such work in disability studies revealed that what people conceive as normal is not unchanging but varies with time and place. ), Marianne Schulze (ed. It also demonstrated how ableism overlaps with racism, sexism, and “other forms of human diminishment that position some humans on the edges of belonging” (Titchkosky 2015: 131). Literary scholars made the field more visible and invigorated thinking not only about identity and aesthetics, but also about social attitudes toward disability, ethics, and human rights (Hall 2016: 53). In a parallel vein, in The Ugly Laws, Susan Schweik investigated laws that sprang up against the “unsightly beggar” in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, bringing together disability, race, gender, and poverty, and adding another layer to our understanding of the social enforcement of normalcy during this period (Schweik 2010: vii). Aesthetic Nervousness: Disability and the Crisis of Representation. Extending Davis’s and Garland‐Thomson’s ideas, David Mitchell and Sharon Snyder argued in Narrative Prosthesis (2000) that canonical authors frequently rely on disability as a narrative device both to give their fictions energy and ultimately to reaffirm normalcy in their works. Mitchell, David, and Sharon Snyder. 2015. Throughout, the activists made themselves collectively visible to the public, revealing what had previously been largely hidden. We treat disability as a political, cultural and social process, placing as much importance on structures, relations and representations as on individual bodies. This section explores two crucial elements of the setting of criticaldisability theory: its heritage in critical theory and its tensionsand overlap with more traditional disability studies. Disability studies is an interdisciplinary academic tradition comprising disciplines spanning from sociology and educational sciences to ethics and literature. The areas covered by Journal include all type of disabilities and a wide range of advanced fields such as: 2007. Lecturer in English PSC Solved Question Paper, http://www.un.org/disabilities/convention/conventionfull, International Article Writing Competition, Freaks: Myths and Images of the Secret Self, NTA UGC NET English June 2020 Questions and Answers. Barker, Clare. Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. 1, trans. Such intersectional approaches helped disability studies to emerge as a consequential, exciting intellectual pursuit with an activist orientation. Click on the link to get to the online issues. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Shakespeare, Tom. org/504–sit‐in‐20th‐anniversary/short‐history‐ of‐the‐504–sit‐in/ Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (accessed July 18, 2016). “Infinities of Forms: Disability Figures and Artistic Traditions.” In Disability Studies: Enabling the Humanities, ed. Cultural Locations of Disability. Exhibited figures included Saartjie Baartman, the so‐called Hottentot Venus with the large breasts and buttocks typical of her African tribe, brought from South Africa to England and France in the early 1810s, and the microcephalic black man of P. T. Barnum’s “What Is It?” exhibit displayed in the United States starting in 1860. Samuels, Ellen. Although in practice scholars in disability studies still mostly emphasized the cultural aspects of disability, the field and policymakers largely embraced an understanding that encompasses both biology and culture. In these ways, a major contribution of disability studies has been to make the dominant ideology of normalcy visible. Linton (1998) insisted that “I am not willing or interested in erasing the line between disabled and nondisabled people, as long as disabled people are devalued and discriminated against, and as long as naming the category serves to call attention to that treatment” (1998: 13). Going Forward: Disability and Intersectionality. By expressing a collective voice and turning attention away from the medicalization of individual bodies to the organization of society, such activism also led to the emergence of disability studies. SAGE Publications, Inc. Gary L. Albrecht, Katherine Delores Seelman, Michael Bury A Disability History of the United States. News organizations publicized the sit‐in and other groups offered their support. First, it allowed disabled people to find a group identity, despite many differences among them. For example, in 2005 Michael Bérubé acknowledged the value of objecting to representations that simply invoke pity or horror, but wrote that rejecting disability tropes because they are not realistic seems “incompatible with the enterprise of professional literary study” (Bérubé 2005: 570). Blake Howe, Stephanie Jensen-Moulton, Neil Lerner, Joseph Straus (eds.) Disability Studies Quarterly (DSQ) is the journal of the Society for Disability Studies (SDS).It is a multidisciplinary and international journal of interest to social scientists, scholars in the humanities, disability rights advocates, creative writers, and others concerned with the issues of people with disabilities. Extraordinary Bodies: Figuring Physical Disability in American Culture and Literature. ), Series: Pennsylvania Studies in Human Rights, Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press, Year: 2013 New York: New York University Press. Like feminist, critical race, and queer approaches to literature and culture, disability studies relates to a specific group: in this case, disabled people, who make up approximately 15 percent of the world population and are among the most poor and disempowered groups globally. 2011. Quayson, Ato. Narrative Prosthesis: Disability and the Dependencies of Discourse. MA: Harvard University Press. It can offer ineluctable and enigmatic tragic insight, as when the orphan Rebeca eats dirt in García Marquez’s ͗ One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967). To help advance Darwinian principles of natural selection, eugenicists targeted disempowered groups. “The Social Model of Disability.” In The Disability Studies Reader, ed. 2014. Disability studies is an academic discipline that examines the meaning, nature, and consequences of disability. True to his 2005 advice to the field, Bérubé bypassed the question of realism to consider how, even in works ostensibly not “about” disability, disability shows up and structures narratives. It is an essential disability studies journal for scholars whose work concentrates on the portrayal of disability. David Theo Goldberg and Ato Quayson, 217–30. (5MB), Series: Routledge Studies in Medieval Religion and Culture, Author(s): David M. Turner, Kevin Stagg (eds. New York: Routledge. A final factor that shaped the emergence of the field was the rise of other identity‐based, rights‐influenced approaches, especially critical race, feminist, and queer theory, which yielded significant new insights in the humanities. New York: Columbia University Press. 2005. Early scholarship distinguishes the medical model of disability, which locates physical and mental impairments in individual bodies, from the social model, which understands the world as … While acknowledging the instability of disability, Siebers agreed, arguing that a clearly defined disability community and minority identity are necessary for political gains. The Second Sex. Disability shows up in films from Charlie Chaplin’s City Lights (1931) to Disney’s Finding Nemo (2003) to Gattaca (1997) and numerous other science fiction pictures; in plays like Medoff’s Children of a Lesser God (1979); and in poetry from Milton’s “On His Blindness” (1655) to Dickinson’s works to poems by contemporary poets with disabilities like Lynn Manning, John Lee Clark, and Petra Kuppers. While one project of literary disability studies has revealed the formation and hegemony of normalcy, another has showed how both fiction and film, through disabled characters, disability metaphors, and even their underlying structure, use disability to address countless aspects of human thought and experience. When Clare Barker published Postcolonial Fiction and Disability (2011), it marked one of the first book‐length interventions focused on physical, sensory, and cognitive difference in postcolonial literature, advancing the work in this area. Rachel Adams, Benjamin Reiss, and David Serlin, 130–2. Claiming Disability: Knowledge and Identity. ), Publisher: SensePublishers, Year: 2015 Lennard J. Davis, 197–204. Subsequently, some disability studies critics extended normalcy more explicitly to ability and able‐bodiedness. Mitchell, David, and Sharon Snyder. The Ohio State University Disability Studies Program, established in 1997, emphasizes interdisciplinary and intersectional work in disability studies. Nielsen, Kim. Disability studies thus reminds us that everyone has a stake in how disabled people are treated. Such a catalogue, which Quayson readily admitted is not complete, suggests the broad range of disability representation, from abject to comic to threatening to pedestrian. Kafer, Alison. Disability studies is an analytic that attends to how disability and ability are represented in language and in a wide range of cultural texts, and it is particularly attuned to the ways in which power relations in a culture of normalization have generally subordinated disabled people, particularly in capitalist systems that demand productive and efficient laborers. Siebers, Tobin. Notably, some disability studies scholars have claimed certain canonical writers as disabled, even if the authors themselves did not view themselves in such terms during their lifetimes. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. However, as scholars in disability studies have pointed out, the “medical model” imbues disability with negative meaning by stigmatizing disabled people as damaged, inferior, and in need of rehabilitation or a cure. While one project of literary disability studies has revealed the formation and hegemony of normalcy, another has showed how both fiction and film, through disabled characters, disability metaphors, and even their underlying structure, use disability to address countless aspects of human thought and experience. “Cripping Consensus: Disability Studies at the Intersection.” American Literary History 28 (2): 433–53. Categories: Disability Studies, Literary Criticism, Literary Theory, Tags: Claiming Disability, Disability as an Identity, Disability Studies, Disability Theory, Donna Haraway, Erving Goffman, Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, Extraordinary Bodies, Freaks: Myths and Images of the Secret Self, Hottentot Venus, Lennard J. Davis, Madame Bovary, Michel Foucault, Narrative Prosthesis, P. T. Barnum, Robert Bogdan, Rosemarie Garland Thomson, Saartjie Baartman, Simi Linton, Simone de Beauvoir, Stigma, The Americans’ Disabilities Act of 1990, The History of Sexuality. Elizabeth J. Donaldson is Professor of English and Associate Dean of Curriculum and Student Engagement at New York Institute of Technology, where she teaches courses in bioethics and American literature and directs the Medical Humanities program. The fourth edition of the reader has just been released in February. Lecturer in English PSC Solved Question Paper, Contemporary Issues in Intellectual Disabilities (Disability Studies), Disability in Medieval Europe: Thinking about Physical Impairment in the High Middle Ages, c.1100-c.1400, Social Histories of Disability and Deformity: Bodies, Images and Experiences, Mental Illness and Learning Disability Since 1850: Finding a Place for Mental Disorder in the United Kingdom, Mental Disability and the European Convention on Human Rights, Rethinking Disability: Bodies, Senses, and Things, Learning Re-Abled: The Learning Disability Controversy and Composition Studies, Disability Studies: An Interdisciplinary Introduction, Purpose, Process and Future Direction of Disability Research, Contemporary issues in intellectual disabilities, Disability Studies in India : Retrospects and Prospects, A Social History of Disability in the Middle Ages: Cultural Considerations of Physical Impairment, Disability in the Ottoman Arab World, 1500-1800, Disability, Human Rights and the Limits of Humanitarianism, Youth and Disability: A Challenge to Mr Reasonable, Practicing Disability Studies in Education: Acting Toward Social Change, Changing Social Attitudes Toward Disability: Perspectives from historical, cultural, and educational studies, Crises, Conflict and Disability: Ensuring Equality, Disability Studies: Educating for Inclusion, The Oxford Handbook of Music and Disability Studies, Disability Studies and Biblical Literature, Emerging Perspectives on Disability Studies, Disability Services and Disability Studies in Higher Education: History, Contexts, and Social Impacts, Disabled Childhoods: Monitoring Differences and Emerging Identities, The Palgrave Handbook of Disabled Children’s Childhood Studies, NTA UGC NET English June 2020 Questions and Answers. Others have resisted such a formulation. It can signify ritual insight, as in the blind prophet Tiresias in Greek myth. Disability studies began to emerge in the West in the late twentieth century as a result of the success of the disability rights movement, the seminal work of a few scholars like Erving Goffman and Michel Foucault, and the flourishing of other interdisciplinary identity‐based approaches that revealed compelling new aspects of the humanities while emphasizing rights. Disability studies is a relatively new interdisciplinary academic field focusing on the roles of people with disabilities in history, literature, social policy, law, architecture, and other disciplines. ), Publisher: SensePublishers, Year: 2013 An impairment of body functions like physical and psychological experiences, and 2. As we will see, the field has made some progress in these areas, but more work remains to be done. Use current and former terms e.g. In these ways, scholars working in literary disability studies have called attention to how disability works in literature, complicating texts, expanding their relevance, and changing the way we understand both popular and canonical narratives. 2012. 2000. With protests, sit‐ins, marches, and demonstrations, people with a variety of impairments actively contested traditional negative perceptions of them as pitiable individuals with tragic medical problems. 2011. New York: New York University Press. 'This book assembles an impressive array of scholars whose collective work changes the terrain of disability studies and biblical scholarship. The Secret Life of Stories: From Don Quixote to Harry Potter, How Understanding Intellectual Disability Transforms the Way We Read. (1MB), Author(s): Michael Gill (ed.). Focusing on representations of disability, Journal of Literary & Cultural Disability Studies publishes a wide variety of textual analyses that are informed by disability theory … Blackness and Disability: Critical Examinations and Cultural Interventions. To advocate for themselves, disempowered groups have repeatedly steered attention away from material bodies to unjust ways that society treats them. New York: Simon & Schuster. New York: The Modern Language Association. While medicine has helped disabled people, the medical model misses the whole picture. ), Simoni Symeonidou, Karen Beauchamp-Pryor (eds. ), David Serlin (ed. (Previously, various kinds of disabled people, like blind citizens and disabled veterans, usually advocated separately for their own interests.) Vidali, Amy. ), Benjamin Reiss (ed. Nice and informative article, it helps me to get an idea about litrary disability studies. 2010. According to one organizer, a “high point” came when civil rights icon Julian Bond visited (Cone 1997). Disability studies, an interdisciplinary area of study based in the humanities and social sciences that views disability in the context of culture, society, and politics … Bogdan, Robert. Foucault, Michel. “Disability Studies: A Field Emerged.” American Quarterly 65 (4): 915–26. The potential universality of disability has sometimes divided scholars. 1998. In Thomas Couser’s words: “autobiography warrants study not just as all too rare first‐person testimony about disabling conditions but also as potentially powerful counter discourse to the prevailing discourse of disability” (Couser 2002: 109). Linton reminded readers that the social model created the broad alliance that helped disabled people to achieve important legislative victories that changed for better access, inclusion, and protections from discrimination. Critics have examined such texts as The World I Live In (1908), by Helen Keller, who was deaf and blind; My Left Foot (1954) by Christy Brown, who had cerebral palsy; and Face to Face (1957) by Ved Mehta, who is blind. New York: The Modern Language Association. Benjamin Reiss investigated P. T. Barnum’s career and its relationship to national anxieties about race, gender, and the body, while Cynthia Wu considered the original Siamese twins, Chang and Eng, and their impact in American literature and culture. Post was not sent - check your email addresses! Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Since disability crosses every identity formation, Lennard J. Davis (2002) provocatively argued that disability serves as a sort of master identity that links all other identity categories like gender, race, class, and sexuality (which are themselves unstable). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Goffman, Erving. For her part, in Animacies (2012) Mel Chen brings together biopolitics, race, sexuality, and disability. Scholars examine how disability is perceived in the social and natural sciences, history, society, and literature. Oxford University Press. More recently, however, some critics have revised this view of disability metaphor. New York: Columbia University Press. Disability Studies is a small but growing field of theorization regarding the role of disability in identity politics. Bérubé, Michael. Meanings of disability are not constant, but vary from work to work, just as in reality they vary with bodily condition, time, and place. They are discussed as below. 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