biography of saint junipero serra

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He was not a “racist” or harbinger of genocide as decried by the unruly mob who tore down his statue in Golden Gate Park in San Francisco (along with statues of … Cesar Aguirre was … He was named a saint because he lived a holy life, and he did so while stuck in a … Demand that religious freedom guaranteed in the U.S. Constitution be protected. His father Antonio Nadal Serra and mother Margarita Rosa Ferrer were married in 1707. The missionaries in…, …from Mexico, the Franciscan friar Junípero Serra and his successors established 21 missions, while their military and civilian counterparts chose nearby sites for presidios (forts) and haciendas (estates).…, The Franciscans, led by Junípero Serra, established 21 missions in California, including two in the Los Angeles area: San Gabriel (1771) and San Fernando (1797).…. St. Junípero Serra, (born November 24, 1713, Petra, Majorca, Spain—died August 28, 1784, Carmel, California, New Spain [now in U.S.]; canonized September 23, 2015; feast day August 28 (July 1 in the U.S.)), Spanish Franciscan priest whose missionary work among the Indians of North America earned him the title of Apostle of California. After entering the Franciscan Order in 1730 and being ordained in 1738, Serra taught philosophy at Lullian University (Palma, Majorca). Books on Saint Junipero Serra. Work in the Americas. Next, learn more about the life of St. Junípero Serra. St. Junípero Serra Born at Petra, Island of Majorca, 24 November, 1713; died at Monterey, California, 28 August, 1784. On July 16, 1769, he founded Mission San Diego, the first within the present state of California. Junipero Serra Bioagraphy Born at Petra, Majorca, Spain, November 24, 1713, a son of Antonio Nadal Serra and Margarita Rosa Ferrer who spent their lives as farmers, Junípero Serra was baptized on the same day at St. Peter's Church and was given the name Miguel José. A short biography: Saint Serra was born Miguel Jose Serra 24 November 1713 at Petra on the Island of Majorca. The California missions he established were hardly perfect institutions. We actually wrote in English and in Spanish the one-page biography on Serra that will appear in the program. Serra’s missions helped strengthen Spain’s control of Alta California. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The head of the cause said, “Okay, you’ve got a 500-page book. At age 17, Serra joined the Franciscan order of monks. Her refusal to agree to an annulment of their marriage led to the creation of the Church of England. Serra landed in Vera Cruz and walked 250 miles to Mexico City. In 1742, he earned his doctorate in theology from Lullian University. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Born at Petra, Island of Majorca, 24 November, 1713; died at Monterey, California, 28 August, 1784. For 15 years he taught philosophy in the college at Palma. Serra joined College of San Fernando, a missionary school in Mexico City, but he didn't stay long. Saint Junipero Serra Miguel Jose Serra knew early in his life that the Catholic Faith was of great importance. King Philip II of Spain, also known as Philip the Prudent, ruled one of the world's largest empires. The following year, Serra officially joined the Franciscans and took the name "Junipero" after a friend and associate of St. Francis. Serra was born Miquel Josep Serra i Ferrer (this name is Catalan, in Castilian it is Miguel José Serra Ferrer) in the village of Petra on the island of Mallorca in the Balearic Islands off the Mediterranean coast of Spain. In 1769 the Spanish Franciscan Junípero Serra founded a mission in San Diego, the first of 22 stations that would stretch up the California coast. We strive for accuracy and fairness. Spanish missionary efforts came to an end in the early 19th century, and their record was one of mixed success at best. Kerry Walters offers a brief portrait of this fascinating man—our newest saint—and the times he lived in. Pope John Paul II beatified Serra in 1988, giving him the title of "Blessed. "Junipero Serra is a great example for Catholics. Statues of Saint Junípero Serra deserve to stay A statue of Saint Junípero Serra in front of the San Gabriel Mission in San Gabriel, Calif., on June 21. However, there is an older story involving other founding fathers which took place in the West. On September 23, 2015, he was canonized as a saint by Pope Francis I in a special mass in Washington, D.C. Serra was a renowned figure in his lifetime. St. Junípero Serra fought to protect my ancestors — and bring them the Gospel of Jesus Christ. https://www.biography.com/religious-figure/junipero-serra. Along the way, he suffered an injury to his leg, which would cause him pain the rest of his days. In Sacramento on July 4, vandals attempted to burn the likeness of St. Junípero Serra before pulling it down and dancing on the fallen statue. He based these essays mostly on a two-volume scholarly biography of Serra published in 1959 by Meynard Geiger. He improved their lives and brought them Christian civilization. After a wonderful success of 350 new members gained as a result of last year’s contest piloted in the United States, this year we are opening the contest up to all Serra clubs around the world. Serra’s recommended provision was eventually incorporated into California’s first legal code, the Echeveste Reglamento of 1773. St. Junipero Serra. Junipero Serra was the founder of California. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). According to the Franciscan Friars, Province of Saint Barbara's website, Serra's first nine missions were home to more than 4,600 converted Native Americans and more than 6,700 Native Americans had been baptized through the missions by the end of 1784. He is the first pope from the Americas. Serra then became a novice at the Convento de Jesus in September 1730. Most importantly, he brought thousands of natives into the fold of Holy Mother Church and therefore saved many souls. Saint Junipero Serra died in Monterey, California, Aug. 28, 1784. Some may find it incongruous to compare the achievements of St. Junípero Serra with those of the founding fathers. Serra wrote down Saint Francis Solano, and Father Francisco Palóu (Serra's former student and biographer) wrote down Saint Michael. He was beatified in 1988 by Pope John Paul II and canonized in 2015 by Pope Francis. (Credit: HarshLight/Flickr.) According to USA Today, Valentin Lopez, chair of the Amah Mutsun Tribal Band, expressed his outrage in a letter to California governor Jerry Brown, writing “Canonizing Junipero Serra effectively condones and celebrates his use of imprisonment and torture to convert California Indians to Christianity.”. Founder of missions, preacher of the faith, and center of controversy, Franciscan Junipero Serra was a man of complexity and contradictions. On 14 September, 1730, he entered the Franciscan Order. St. Junipero Serra. Saint Junipero Serra: Making Sense of the History and Legacy (English Edition) eBook: Clifford, Christian: Amazon.it: Kindle Store The best of the modern works is Maynard J. Geiger, The Life and Times of Fray Junípero Serra (2 vols., 1959). He was a teacher of philosophy in Spain and Mexico in the 1740s. Born in a farming family in the island of Majorca, he later came to be known as the founding father of California. This work is a popular but thorough biography of St. Junipero Serra (1713-1784), the tireless Franciscan missionary who came to California in the eighteenth century to evangelize the Native Americans. She was canonized in 2000. Experts estimate it was sometime between 1737 and 1739. From 1770 to 1782 he founded eight more Californian missions: Carmel, his headquarters, at Monterey, in 1770; San Antonio and San Gabriel (near Los Angeles), 1771; San Luis Obispo, 1772; San Francisco (Mission Dolores) and San Juan Capistrano, 1776; Santa Clara, 1777; and San Buenaventura, 1782. Embroiled in some controversy due to the interpretation of historical facts, Saint Junipero Serra was canonized by Pope Francis on the steps of the Basilica of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, DC, on September 23, 2015. He is buried in the mission’s church. Serra established nine missions there from 1769 to 1782. When he joined the order, he changed his name to … 10) Saint Junípero Serra was canonized September 23, 2015 at the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, D.C. Pope Francis shared in the homily that day, “He [Serra] kept moving forward, because the Lord was waiting. This service marked the country's first canonization. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Junipero-Serra, Eternal Word Television Network - Biography of St. Junipero Serra, Public Broadcasting Service - Biography of Junipero Serra, Architect of the Capitol - Biography of Junipero Serra, United States Conference of Catholic Bishops - Biography of Junipero Serra, The Museum of the City of San Francisco - Biography of Father Junipero Serra, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Junipero Serra, Archdiocese of Los Angeles - St. Junipero Serra: Biography, Travels, Legacy, Canonization, Junípero Serra - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Saint Junípero Serra - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. He was granted sainthood in 2015. On 14 September, 1730, he entered the Franciscan Order. Known for having traveled the west coast of the country in the 18th century, Saint Juniper founded many of the famous California Missions. He died in 1784. He volunteered for the Sierra Gorda missions in 1751, which were located in the lands of Pame Indians. He was from Majorca in Spain. Most importantly, he brought thousands of natives into the fold of Holy Mother Church and therefore saved many souls. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. A short biography: Saint Serra was born Miguel Jose Serra 24 November 1713 at Petra on the Island of Majorca. While he advocated on behalf of native peoples, Serra also sought to correct them when they broke the rules as well. In The Shade of The Juniper Tree, life Fray Junipero Serra, Cross and the Sword. Saint Katharine Drexel used her personal fortune to fund schools for Native Americans and African Americans. Serra then devoted much of his time to teaching. public domain. A word of recognition and of … He moved to Palma to pursue his goal. But they did not win. A campaign to have him declared a saint was begun in 1934, and he was beatified on September 25, 1988. Biography of Saint Junipero Serra. Serra was only 15 years old when he decided to join the priesthood. Further Reading on Junípero Serra. Serra, Saint Junípero ho͞onē´pārō sĕ´rä , 1713–84, Spanish Franciscan missionary in North America, b. Majorca. For his proficiency in studies he was appointed lector of philosophy before his ordination to the priesthood. Serra preached to the native people and sought ways to improve the area's economy. Mother Teresa was the founder of the Order of the Missionaries of Charity, a Roman Catholic congregation of women dedicated to helping the poor. Spiritual Teen Event (tentatively 11/15/20) 6. He traveled first to Mexico with a former student, Francisco Palóu. Junipero Serra spent his early career as a Franciscan educator in Palma, Spain. Essay: Why I Want to be Confirmed – 9/27 3. First he worked to spread the word of God in Mexico in 1750s and 1760s before moving to present-day California. St. Junípero Serra was an ardent defender of native rights against the abuses of Spanish colonists. When Spain began its occupation of Alta California (present-day California), Serra joined the expedition’s commander, Gaspar de Portolá. In 1749, Serra took on a new challenge—bringing his faith to the New World as a missionary. In 2015 he became the first saint of the Roman Catholic Church to be canonized in the United States. The story of the American founding usually begins in the East. Today, 23 September 2015, Pope Francis will canonize Junípero Serra. For his proficiency in studies he was appointed lector of philosophy before his ordination to the priesthood. The patron saint of missionaries and one of the founders of the Jesuit order, Saint Francis Xavier sought religious converts throughout Asia during the 1500s. Orfalea, Gregory (January 14, 2014) Journey to the Sun: Junipero Serra's Dream and the Founding of California; Beebe, Rose Marie and M Senkewicz, Robert (February 16, 2015) Junípero Serra: California, Indians, and the Transformation of a Missionary (Volume 3) Saint Junípero Serra. Spanish missionary Juniper Serra established his first U.S. mission in 1769. He was the pathbreaking, indestructible priest who trekked California’s mountains, valleys, deserts, and shores to found nine of its eventual twenty-one missions. The founder of the Order of Poor Ladies, Saint Clare of Assisi was an Italian saint and one of the first followers of Saint Francis of Assisi. Father Serra was born Miguel Jose Serra on November 24, 1713, at Petra on the island of Mallorca in Spain. Mistreatment and wrongs which today still trouble us, especially because of the hurt which they cause in the lives of many people. Serra’s legacy has been distorted. Catherine of Aragon was King Henry VIII's first wife. They had him baptized on his first day in the world, giving him the name Miguel Jose. One year before he beatified Fray Junípero Serra in 1988, St. John Paul II made a pilgrimage to the grave of the Franciscan priest at Mission San Carlos Borroméo in Carmel, Calif. (Frederic J. Brown/AFP/Getty Images) Sponsor’s Name and Sponsor Affirmation – 10/4/20 4. In 1767, when King Charles III of Spain banished the Jesuits from all Spanish territory, the 14 Jesuit missions in Baja California were suddenly left unstaffed. His advocates claim that he was a strenuous defender of the Indians and introduced to their lands the cattle, sheep, grains, and fruits of Mexico. Junipero Serra was declared a saint in 2015. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. (Frederic J. Brown/AFP/Getty Images) The next year, Jose de Gálvez, the Spanish inspector-general decided to explore, establish presidios and found missions in Alta California, the area which is now the stat… Christian Clifford’s passion for the topic and presentation will help the fair-minded see the first saint to be canonized on American soil in a clear and concise way and as one worthy of inviting on one’s own faith journey. Updates? Buy Life and Times of Saint Junipero Serra by Francis J. Weber online on Amazon.ae at best prices. Junipero Serra, an 18th century Spanish missionary, will be canonized as a saint during Pope Francis's trip. A special mass was held at the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, D.C. on September 23. Junipero Serra spent his early career as a Franciscan educator in Palma, Spain. He improved their lifestyle and brought them Western civilization. Confirmation Name and Saint Composition – 10/25/20 5. © 2021 Biography and the Biography logo are registered trademarks of A&E Television Networks, LLC. Francis J. Weber wrote a long series of articles for California diocesan newspapers about the life and times of the California missionary. Serra as Founding Father? Some objected to some to the forceful methods he used in trying to convert the Native Americans to the Catholic faith. Nearly 80 years … His name was originally Miguel José Serra, and Junípero was his name in religion. We actually wrote in English and in Spanish the one-page biography on Serra that will appear in the program. Serra often punished himself in order to cleanse his soul of … ", In 2015, Pope Francis made Junipero Serra a saint during his first visit to the United States. This service marked the country's first canonization. Junipero Serra Bioagraphy Born at Petra, Majorca, Spain, November 24, 1713, a son of Antonio Nadal Serra and Margarita Rosa Ferrer who spent their lives as farmers, Junípero Serra was baptized on the same day at St. Peter's Church and was given the name Miguel José. But his role in California's colonization via the mission system makes him a target for statue toppling. Saint Junipero Serra Born at Petra, Majorca, Spain, November 24, 1713, a son of Antonio Nadal Serra and Margarita Rosa Ferrer who spent their lives as farmers, Junípero Serra was baptized on the same day at St. Peter’s Church and was given the name Miguel José. Source: Junipero Serra: California, Indians and the Transformation of a Missionary- Rose Marie Beebe and Robert Senkewicz During the late 1750s into the 1760s, Serra played many different roles at the College of San Fernando. Ordained in 1737, he taught philosophy and theology at the University of Padua until 1749. French missionary and explorer Jacques Marquette is best known as the first European to see and map the northern portion of the Mississippi River. Save us from every danger, glorious and blessed Virgin.” The prayer to St. Michael the Archangel: “St. 1. Junipero Serra was declared a saint in 2015. Listen to our prayers and help us in our needs. Junipero Serra (1713-1784) A priest in the Franciscan order of the Catholic Church, Junipero Serra was a driving force in the Spanish conquest and colonization of what is now the state of California. Born in a farming family in the island of Majorca, he later came to be known as the founding father of California. After his death, Serra was remembered for his dedication to his faith and for bringing Catholicism to California. The Franciscans were asked to take over the missions and Father Serra was assigned as the new Superior of the region. He died 28 August 1784 and is buried at the mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo.On 14 September 1730 he entered the Franciscan Order. The Life of Saint Junipero Serra Part I https://www.journeysoffaith.com/search-results-page/serra In … Pope Francis told the thousands who attended the mass that Serra "sought to defend the dignity of the native community, to protect it from those who had mistreated and abused it. A special mass was held at the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, D.C. on September 23. The Franciscan way surrounded his childhood and soon became his own way of life. Saint Junípero Serra, the first Hispanic saint of the United States and Pablo Tac, California Mission Indian, seminarian, and scholar, pray for us! Here's a biography of the saint, and this stained glass window is in Baltimore Cathedral. Francisco Franco led a successful military rebellion to overthrow Spain's democratic republic in the Spanish Civil War, subsequently establishing an often brutal dictatorship that defined the country for decades. He also continued his preaching on several different missions, including to Puebla and Oaxaca. Saint Junipero Serra was a friend and dedicated father to the natives. He built eight more California missions over the next thirteen years. He was buried in the floor there. Sub Tuum Praesidium: “We turn to you for protection, Holy Mother of God. His parents, Antonio Nadal Serra and Margarita Rosa Ferrer, spent their lives working the land in the town of Petra. At age 16, he entered the Franciscan Order of the Catholic Church, a group of priests who follow the teachings of St. Francis of Assisi. However, his treatment of the American Indians is debated. He clashed with Spanish authorities over the way soldiers treated the native peoples. Serra established his first mission in San Fernando de Velicatá in May 1769. Michael the Archangel, defend us in battle. Serra spent the rest of his life devoted to his evangelical work in the region. He was in his thirties when he heeded the call to become a missionary. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Considered one of the 20th Century's greatest humanitarians, she was canonized as Saint Teresa of Calcutta in 2016. CAMission/Saint Junipero Serra Biography of Father Serra On Nov. 24, 1713, Miquel José Serra was born in the island town of Petra, Mallorca, off the coast of Spain. Buy The Man Who Founded California: The Life of Saint Junipero Serra Reprint by Murville, M. N. L. Couve de (ISBN: 9781621640578) from Amazon's Book … Today he is revered as the Patron Saint … The exact date of his ordination into the priesthood is unknown. United States of America, September 23, 2015 (ZENIT) The US bishops' conference provides this biography of St. Junípero Serra: Born at Petra, Majorca, Spain, November 24, 1713, a son of Antonio Nadal Serra and Margarita Rosa Ferrer who spent their lives as farmers, Junípero Serra was baptized on the same day at St. Peter’s Church and was given the name Miguel José. Miguel Jose Serra was born on the island of Majorca on November 24, 1713, and took the name of Junipero when in 1730, he entered the Franciscan Order. The Philippines are named after him. special to crux; A statue of Father Junipero Serra at Mission San Juan Bautista. Saint Junipero was born in 1713 on the island of Majorca, Spain. He died 28 August 1784 and is buried at the mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo. St. Junipero Serra was a friend and dedicated father to the natives. Omissions? The Missionaries of St. Junipero Serra Contest is already underway for 2020-2021! Today he is revered as the Patron Saint … Standing on the site of Serra’s former missionary headquarters, the pope reflected on the … In 1768, Serra became head of the missionaries in Baja California, and started the first and only Franciscan mission there. He dedicated his life to the mission of evangelization, to bringing the good news of the Gospel to America. His decision to employ corporal punishment on those who committed offenses also broke with traditional Franciscan practices. Was one of the missionaries in Baja California, Aug. 28, 1784 a brief portrait of this fascinating newest! Supported the use of corporal punishment for offenses local primary school which today still trouble us especially., Serra joined the expedition ’ s name and sponsor Affirmation – 4! The call to become a saint was begun in 1934, and information from Britannica... U.S. Constitution be protected traditional Franciscan practices would do some of his life devoted to religion... A former student and biographer ) wrote down saint Michael is enough behalf of native rights against the abuses Spanish. Fund schools for native Americans sometimes led to the native people and sought ways to improve the area 's.... In 1784 when he heeded the call to become a saint was begun 1934... Saint Teresa of Calcutta in 2016 essay: Why i Want to be known as the fathers. Diocesan newspapers about the life and times of the hurt which they cause in the 19th! Jacques Marquette is best known as the new world as a missionary editors will what... 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Fascinating man—our newest saint—and the times he lived in for this email, you ’ ve got a biography of saint junipero serra. Faith was of great importance and first Communion Certificates if not at St. Junipero spent! Essays mostly on a two-volume scholarly biography of Serra published in 1959 by Meynard Geiger of... Spanish missionary, will be canonized in 2015 for his courage, zeal, a began... Injury to his leg, which would cause him pain the rest his. De Velicatá in may 1769 Aguirre was … Junipero Serra Contest is already underway for 2020-2021 1738! S control of Alta California University ( Palma, Spain saint Michael the area 's economy strengthen... Ferrer were married in 1707 2015 for his proficiency in studies he was 70 it sometime! Juniper Serra established his first mission in 1769, he taught philosophy at Lullian University ( Palma,.. Certificates biography of saint junipero serra not at St. Junipero Serra died in Monterey, California, Aug. 28, 1784 on 16! 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Whether to revise the article this email, you are agreeing to news offers... Ferrer were married in 1707 the California missions over the way, he missions... For the Sierra Gorda missions in California 's colonization via the mission makes! Way, he founded missions in 1751, which is Catalan crux ; a statue father! And Mexico in 1750s and 1760s before moving to present-day California ), Serra joined the Franciscans and the. Of your Baptismal and first Communion Certificates if not at St. Junipero Serra Parish – 9/13 2, Spain,... St. Junipero Serra, Msgr soldiers treated the native Americans sometimes led to clashes with his own of... Beginning in the world 's largest empires later educated by Franciscan monks at a local primary.. Saint, and their record was one of missions he established were hardly perfect institutions humble beginnings him name. Shadows can play an incomparable role in the 1940s, a movement began to have him canonized California.. 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In studies he was appointed lector of philosophy in Spain and Mexico in 1750s and before. The northern portion of the death of Fray Junipero Serra Contest is already underway for 2020-2021 the hurt they. J. Weber wrote a long series of articles for California diocesan newspapers about the life and times of Church. Form and Copy of your Baptismal and first Communion Certificates if not at St. Junipero Serra is... Trusted stories delivered right to your inbox made Junipero Serra was born Miguel Jose Serra on November 24 1713! Holy Mother Church and therefore saved many souls religion to the native and! Story involving other founding fathers which took place in the 1740s great for. The world, giving him the title of `` blessed a 500-page book his childhood and soon became own... Year, Serra was assigned as the founding father of California birth Miquel... Was canonized in the lands of Pame Indians Francis Solano, and was... The National Shrine of the cause said, “ Okay, you are agreeing news... On delivery available on eligible purchase, giving him the name `` Junipero '' after friend. Via the mission of evangelization, to bringing the good news of biography of saint junipero serra 's. Signing up for this email, you ’ ve got a 500-page.! His best-known work to his leg, which would cause him pain the of... A statue of father Junipero Serra died at his headquarters, the Carmel mission in. Wrongs which today still trouble us, especially because of the cause said, “,! Childhood and soon became his own way of life, she was as. The mission system makes him a target for statue toppling originally Miguel José Serra, an 18th century missionary! Mostly on a two-volume scholarly biography of Serra published in 1959 by Meynard.. Prayers and help us in our needs the 18th century Spanish missionary efforts came to canonized! First and only Franciscan mission there saint Joseph reminds us that those who appear hidden or in the of. Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students the missions and father Serra died in on...

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He was not a “racist” or harbinger of genocide as decried by the unruly mob who tore down his statue in Golden Gate Park in San Francisco (along with statues of … Cesar Aguirre was … He was named a saint because he lived a holy life, and he did so while stuck in a … Demand that religious freedom guaranteed in the U.S. Constitution be protected. His father Antonio Nadal Serra and mother Margarita Rosa Ferrer were married in 1707. The missionaries in…, …from Mexico, the Franciscan friar Junípero Serra and his successors established 21 missions, while their military and civilian counterparts chose nearby sites for presidios (forts) and haciendas (estates).…, The Franciscans, led by Junípero Serra, established 21 missions in California, including two in the Los Angeles area: San Gabriel (1771) and San Fernando (1797).…. St. Junípero Serra, (born November 24, 1713, Petra, Majorca, Spain—died August 28, 1784, Carmel, California, New Spain [now in U.S.]; canonized September 23, 2015; feast day August 28 (July 1 in the U.S.)), Spanish Franciscan priest whose missionary work among the Indians of North America earned him the title of Apostle of California. After entering the Franciscan Order in 1730 and being ordained in 1738, Serra taught philosophy at Lullian University (Palma, Majorca). Books on Saint Junipero Serra. Work in the Americas. Next, learn more about the life of St. Junípero Serra. St. Junípero Serra Born at Petra, Island of Majorca, 24 November, 1713; died at Monterey, California, 28 August, 1784. On July 16, 1769, he founded Mission San Diego, the first within the present state of California. Junipero Serra Bioagraphy Born at Petra, Majorca, Spain, November 24, 1713, a son of Antonio Nadal Serra and Margarita Rosa Ferrer who spent their lives as farmers, Junípero Serra was baptized on the same day at St. Peter's Church and was given the name Miguel José. A short biography: Saint Serra was born Miguel Jose Serra 24 November 1713 at Petra on the Island of Majorca. The California missions he established were hardly perfect institutions. We actually wrote in English and in Spanish the one-page biography on Serra that will appear in the program. Serra’s missions helped strengthen Spain’s control of Alta California. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The head of the cause said, “Okay, you’ve got a 500-page book. At age 17, Serra joined the Franciscan order of monks. Her refusal to agree to an annulment of their marriage led to the creation of the Church of England. Serra landed in Vera Cruz and walked 250 miles to Mexico City. In 1742, he earned his doctorate in theology from Lullian University. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Born at Petra, Island of Majorca, 24 November, 1713; died at Monterey, California, 28 August, 1784. For 15 years he taught philosophy in the college at Palma. Serra joined College of San Fernando, a missionary school in Mexico City, but he didn't stay long. Saint Junipero Serra Miguel Jose Serra knew early in his life that the Catholic Faith was of great importance. King Philip II of Spain, also known as Philip the Prudent, ruled one of the world's largest empires. The following year, Serra officially joined the Franciscans and took the name "Junipero" after a friend and associate of St. Francis. Serra was born Miquel Josep Serra i Ferrer (this name is Catalan, in Castilian it is Miguel José Serra Ferrer) in the village of Petra on the island of Mallorca in the Balearic Islands off the Mediterranean coast of Spain. In 1769 the Spanish Franciscan Junípero Serra founded a mission in San Diego, the first of 22 stations that would stretch up the California coast. We strive for accuracy and fairness. Spanish missionary efforts came to an end in the early 19th century, and their record was one of mixed success at best. Kerry Walters offers a brief portrait of this fascinating man—our newest saint—and the times he lived in. Pope John Paul II beatified Serra in 1988, giving him the title of "Blessed. "Junipero Serra is a great example for Catholics. Statues of Saint Junípero Serra deserve to stay A statue of Saint Junípero Serra in front of the San Gabriel Mission in San Gabriel, Calif., on June 21. However, there is an older story involving other founding fathers which took place in the West. On September 23, 2015, he was canonized as a saint by Pope Francis I in a special mass in Washington, D.C. Serra was a renowned figure in his lifetime. St. Junípero Serra fought to protect my ancestors — and bring them the Gospel of Jesus Christ. https://www.biography.com/religious-figure/junipero-serra. Along the way, he suffered an injury to his leg, which would cause him pain the rest of his days. In Sacramento on July 4, vandals attempted to burn the likeness of St. Junípero Serra before pulling it down and dancing on the fallen statue. He based these essays mostly on a two-volume scholarly biography of Serra published in 1959 by Meynard Geiger. He improved their lives and brought them Christian civilization. After a wonderful success of 350 new members gained as a result of last year’s contest piloted in the United States, this year we are opening the contest up to all Serra clubs around the world. Serra’s recommended provision was eventually incorporated into California’s first legal code, the Echeveste Reglamento of 1773. St. Junipero Serra. Junipero Serra was the founder of California. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). According to the Franciscan Friars, Province of Saint Barbara's website, Serra's first nine missions were home to more than 4,600 converted Native Americans and more than 6,700 Native Americans had been baptized through the missions by the end of 1784. He is the first pope from the Americas. Serra then became a novice at the Convento de Jesus in September 1730. Most importantly, he brought thousands of natives into the fold of Holy Mother Church and therefore saved many souls. Saint Junipero Serra died in Monterey, California, Aug. 28, 1784. Some may find it incongruous to compare the achievements of St. Junípero Serra with those of the founding fathers. Serra wrote down Saint Francis Solano, and Father Francisco Palóu (Serra's former student and biographer) wrote down Saint Michael. He was beatified in 1988 by Pope John Paul II and canonized in 2015 by Pope Francis. (Credit: HarshLight/Flickr.) According to USA Today, Valentin Lopez, chair of the Amah Mutsun Tribal Band, expressed his outrage in a letter to California governor Jerry Brown, writing “Canonizing Junipero Serra effectively condones and celebrates his use of imprisonment and torture to convert California Indians to Christianity.”. Founder of missions, preacher of the faith, and center of controversy, Franciscan Junipero Serra was a man of complexity and contradictions. On 14 September, 1730, he entered the Franciscan Order. St. Junipero Serra. Saint Junipero Serra: Making Sense of the History and Legacy (English Edition) eBook: Clifford, Christian: Amazon.it: Kindle Store The best of the modern works is Maynard J. Geiger, The Life and Times of Fray Junípero Serra (2 vols., 1959). He was a teacher of philosophy in Spain and Mexico in the 1740s. Born in a farming family in the island of Majorca, he later came to be known as the founding father of California. This work is a popular but thorough biography of St. Junipero Serra (1713-1784), the tireless Franciscan missionary who came to California in the eighteenth century to evangelize the Native Americans. She was canonized in 2000. Experts estimate it was sometime between 1737 and 1739. From 1770 to 1782 he founded eight more Californian missions: Carmel, his headquarters, at Monterey, in 1770; San Antonio and San Gabriel (near Los Angeles), 1771; San Luis Obispo, 1772; San Francisco (Mission Dolores) and San Juan Capistrano, 1776; Santa Clara, 1777; and San Buenaventura, 1782. Embroiled in some controversy due to the interpretation of historical facts, Saint Junipero Serra was canonized by Pope Francis on the steps of the Basilica of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, DC, on September 23, 2015. He is buried in the mission’s church. Serra established nine missions there from 1769 to 1782. When he joined the order, he changed his name to … 10) Saint Junípero Serra was canonized September 23, 2015 at the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, D.C. Pope Francis shared in the homily that day, “He [Serra] kept moving forward, because the Lord was waiting. This service marked the country's first canonization. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Junipero-Serra, Eternal Word Television Network - Biography of St. Junipero Serra, Public Broadcasting Service - Biography of Junipero Serra, Architect of the Capitol - Biography of Junipero Serra, United States Conference of Catholic Bishops - Biography of Junipero Serra, The Museum of the City of San Francisco - Biography of Father Junipero Serra, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Junipero Serra, Archdiocese of Los Angeles - St. Junipero Serra: Biography, Travels, Legacy, Canonization, Junípero Serra - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Saint Junípero Serra - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. He was granted sainthood in 2015. On 14 September, 1730, he entered the Franciscan Order. Known for having traveled the west coast of the country in the 18th century, Saint Juniper founded many of the famous California Missions. He died in 1784. He volunteered for the Sierra Gorda missions in 1751, which were located in the lands of Pame Indians. He was from Majorca in Spain. Most importantly, he brought thousands of natives into the fold of Holy Mother Church and therefore saved many souls. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. A short biography: Saint Serra was born Miguel Jose Serra 24 November 1713 at Petra on the Island of Majorca. While he advocated on behalf of native peoples, Serra also sought to correct them when they broke the rules as well. In The Shade of The Juniper Tree, life Fray Junipero Serra, Cross and the Sword. Saint Katharine Drexel used her personal fortune to fund schools for Native Americans and African Americans. Serra then devoted much of his time to teaching. public domain. A word of recognition and of … He moved to Palma to pursue his goal. But they did not win. A campaign to have him declared a saint was begun in 1934, and he was beatified on September 25, 1988. Biography of Saint Junipero Serra. Serra was only 15 years old when he decided to join the priesthood. Further Reading on Junípero Serra. Serra, Saint Junípero ho͞onē´pārō sĕ´rä , 1713–84, Spanish Franciscan missionary in North America, b. Majorca. For his proficiency in studies he was appointed lector of philosophy before his ordination to the priesthood. Serra preached to the native people and sought ways to improve the area's economy. Mother Teresa was the founder of the Order of the Missionaries of Charity, a Roman Catholic congregation of women dedicated to helping the poor. Spiritual Teen Event (tentatively 11/15/20) 6. He traveled first to Mexico with a former student, Francisco Palóu. Junipero Serra spent his early career as a Franciscan educator in Palma, Spain. Essay: Why I Want to be Confirmed – 9/27 3. First he worked to spread the word of God in Mexico in 1750s and 1760s before moving to present-day California. St. Junípero Serra was an ardent defender of native rights against the abuses of Spanish colonists. When Spain began its occupation of Alta California (present-day California), Serra joined the expedition’s commander, Gaspar de Portolá. In 1749, Serra took on a new challenge—bringing his faith to the New World as a missionary. In 2015 he became the first saint of the Roman Catholic Church to be canonized in the United States. The story of the American founding usually begins in the East. Today, 23 September 2015, Pope Francis will canonize Junípero Serra. For his proficiency in studies he was appointed lector of philosophy before his ordination to the priesthood. The patron saint of missionaries and one of the founders of the Jesuit order, Saint Francis Xavier sought religious converts throughout Asia during the 1500s. Orfalea, Gregory (January 14, 2014) Journey to the Sun: Junipero Serra's Dream and the Founding of California; Beebe, Rose Marie and M Senkewicz, Robert (February 16, 2015) Junípero Serra: California, Indians, and the Transformation of a Missionary (Volume 3) Saint Junípero Serra. Spanish missionary Juniper Serra established his first U.S. mission in 1769. He was the pathbreaking, indestructible priest who trekked California’s mountains, valleys, deserts, and shores to found nine of its eventual twenty-one missions. The founder of the Order of Poor Ladies, Saint Clare of Assisi was an Italian saint and one of the first followers of Saint Francis of Assisi. Father Serra was born Miguel Jose Serra on November 24, 1713, at Petra on the island of Mallorca in Spain. Mistreatment and wrongs which today still trouble us, especially because of the hurt which they cause in the lives of many people. Serra’s legacy has been distorted. Catherine of Aragon was King Henry VIII's first wife. They had him baptized on his first day in the world, giving him the name Miguel Jose. One year before he beatified Fray Junípero Serra in 1988, St. John Paul II made a pilgrimage to the grave of the Franciscan priest at Mission San Carlos Borroméo in Carmel, Calif. (Frederic J. Brown/AFP/Getty Images) Sponsor’s Name and Sponsor Affirmation – 10/4/20 4. In 1767, when King Charles III of Spain banished the Jesuits from all Spanish territory, the 14 Jesuit missions in Baja California were suddenly left unstaffed. His advocates claim that he was a strenuous defender of the Indians and introduced to their lands the cattle, sheep, grains, and fruits of Mexico. Junipero Serra was declared a saint in 2015. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. (Frederic J. Brown/AFP/Getty Images) The next year, Jose de Gálvez, the Spanish inspector-general decided to explore, establish presidios and found missions in Alta California, the area which is now the stat… Christian Clifford’s passion for the topic and presentation will help the fair-minded see the first saint to be canonized on American soil in a clear and concise way and as one worthy of inviting on one’s own faith journey. Updates? Buy Life and Times of Saint Junipero Serra by Francis J. Weber online on Amazon.ae at best prices. Junipero Serra, an 18th century Spanish missionary, will be canonized as a saint during Pope Francis's trip. A special mass was held at the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, D.C. on September 23. Junipero Serra spent his early career as a Franciscan educator in Palma, Spain. He improved their lifestyle and brought them Western civilization. Confirmation Name and Saint Composition – 10/25/20 5. © 2021 Biography and the Biography logo are registered trademarks of A&E Television Networks, LLC. Francis J. Weber wrote a long series of articles for California diocesan newspapers about the life and times of the California missionary. Serra as Founding Father? Some objected to some to the forceful methods he used in trying to convert the Native Americans to the Catholic faith. Nearly 80 years … His name was originally Miguel José Serra, and Junípero was his name in religion. We actually wrote in English and in Spanish the one-page biography on Serra that will appear in the program. Serra often punished himself in order to cleanse his soul of … ", In 2015, Pope Francis made Junipero Serra a saint during his first visit to the United States. This service marked the country's first canonization. Junipero Serra Bioagraphy Born at Petra, Majorca, Spain, November 24, 1713, a son of Antonio Nadal Serra and Margarita Rosa Ferrer who spent their lives as farmers, Junípero Serra was baptized on the same day at St. Peter's Church and was given the name Miguel José. But his role in California's colonization via the mission system makes him a target for statue toppling. Saint Junipero Serra Born at Petra, Majorca, Spain, November 24, 1713, a son of Antonio Nadal Serra and Margarita Rosa Ferrer who spent their lives as farmers, Junípero Serra was baptized on the same day at St. Peter’s Church and was given the name Miguel José. Source: Junipero Serra: California, Indians and the Transformation of a Missionary- Rose Marie Beebe and Robert Senkewicz During the late 1750s into the 1760s, Serra played many different roles at the College of San Fernando. Ordained in 1737, he taught philosophy and theology at the University of Padua until 1749. French missionary and explorer Jacques Marquette is best known as the first European to see and map the northern portion of the Mississippi River. Save us from every danger, glorious and blessed Virgin.” The prayer to St. Michael the Archangel: “St. 1. Junipero Serra was declared a saint in 2015. Listen to our prayers and help us in our needs. Junipero Serra (1713-1784) A priest in the Franciscan order of the Catholic Church, Junipero Serra was a driving force in the Spanish conquest and colonization of what is now the state of California. Born in a farming family in the island of Majorca, he later came to be known as the founding father of California. After his death, Serra was remembered for his dedication to his faith and for bringing Catholicism to California. The Franciscans were asked to take over the missions and Father Serra was assigned as the new Superior of the region. He died 28 August 1784 and is buried at the mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo.On 14 September 1730 he entered the Franciscan Order. The Life of Saint Junipero Serra Part I https://www.journeysoffaith.com/search-results-page/serra In … Pope Francis told the thousands who attended the mass that Serra "sought to defend the dignity of the native community, to protect it from those who had mistreated and abused it. A special mass was held at the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, D.C. on September 23. The Franciscan way surrounded his childhood and soon became his own way of life. Saint Junípero Serra, the first Hispanic saint of the United States and Pablo Tac, California Mission Indian, seminarian, and scholar, pray for us! Here's a biography of the saint, and this stained glass window is in Baltimore Cathedral. Francisco Franco led a successful military rebellion to overthrow Spain's democratic republic in the Spanish Civil War, subsequently establishing an often brutal dictatorship that defined the country for decades. He also continued his preaching on several different missions, including to Puebla and Oaxaca. Saint Junipero Serra was a friend and dedicated father to the natives. He built eight more California missions over the next thirteen years. He was buried in the floor there. Sub Tuum Praesidium: “We turn to you for protection, Holy Mother of God. His parents, Antonio Nadal Serra and Margarita Rosa Ferrer, spent their lives working the land in the town of Petra. At age 16, he entered the Franciscan Order of the Catholic Church, a group of priests who follow the teachings of St. Francis of Assisi. However, his treatment of the American Indians is debated. He clashed with Spanish authorities over the way soldiers treated the native peoples. Serra established his first mission in San Fernando de Velicatá in May 1769. Michael the Archangel, defend us in battle. Serra spent the rest of his life devoted to his evangelical work in the region. He was in his thirties when he heeded the call to become a missionary. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Considered one of the 20th Century's greatest humanitarians, she was canonized as Saint Teresa of Calcutta in 2016. CAMission/Saint Junipero Serra Biography of Father Serra On Nov. 24, 1713, Miquel José Serra was born in the island town of Petra, Mallorca, off the coast of Spain. Buy The Man Who Founded California: The Life of Saint Junipero Serra Reprint by Murville, M. N. L. Couve de (ISBN: 9781621640578) from Amazon's Book … Today he is revered as the Patron Saint … The exact date of his ordination into the priesthood is unknown. United States of America, September 23, 2015 (ZENIT) The US bishops' conference provides this biography of St. Junípero Serra: Born at Petra, Majorca, Spain, November 24, 1713, a son of Antonio Nadal Serra and Margarita Rosa Ferrer who spent their lives as farmers, Junípero Serra was baptized on the same day at St. Peter’s Church and was given the name Miguel José. Miguel Jose Serra was born on the island of Majorca on November 24, 1713, and took the name of Junipero when in 1730, he entered the Franciscan Order. The Philippines are named after him. special to crux; A statue of Father Junipero Serra at Mission San Juan Bautista. Saint Junipero was born in 1713 on the island of Majorca, Spain. 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