hayward fault type

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Shaking was felt as far away as Nevada, and aftershocks rattled the Bay Area for weeks. The Hayward Fault is the single most urbanized earthquake faultin the United States—in 1868 there were only 24,000 residents living in Alameda County; now there are more than 2.4 million people. Red lines are major earthquake faults; black line shows the portion of the Hayward Fault that ruptured in 1868; diamonds show locations of damage reports (1868) and seismic recordings (1989). (Public domain. mini wrote a review Jan 2020. Scientists are keeping a nervous eye on the Hayward fault, which runs along the most urbanized edge of San Francisco’s East Bay.The Hayward fault activity is capable of generating destructive earthquakes. Frightened people ran out of their homes, and cattle and even fire-engine horses panicked and bolted. Hayward is the sixth largest city in the San Francisco Bay Area and the third largest in Alameda County, It is on the Bay's eastern shore, next to Union City.The San Mateo-Hayward Bridge starts there. Magnitude 6.8 October 21, 1868, Hayward Fault Earthquake. Recent studies show that such powerful Hayward Fault quakes have repeatedly jolted the region in the past. ), A filtered vertical laser image, taken using a technique called light detection and ranging (LIDAR), of part of the Hayward Fault (red lines) in the City of Berkeley. William L. Ellsworth. "(It's) the single most dangerous fault … USGS scientists have found evidence for 12 quakes on the southern Hayward Fault during the past 1,900 years. 1. The 1868 Hayward Fault earthquake is a reminder of the tremendous power that lurks beneath the Earth’s surface in the San Francisco Bay region. Geographic Names Information System (GNIS), Mapping, Remote Sensing, and Geospatial Data. October 21, 2008, marks the 140th Anniversary of the 1868 approximate Magnitude 7 earthquake. Pool Pumps Pool Heaters Pool Cleaners Pool Sanitization Pool Automation ... Hayward websites have been developed in compliance with standards for Internet Explorer 10 or later. What type of fault is the Hayward Fault? Because seismographs had not yet been invented, there are no recordings of the 1868 earthquake. He placed expansion joints in the stadium exterior walls mainly at the points where the wall intersected the fault. Filter. (Public domain.). Even though the region was only sparsely populated at the time, the 1868 quake killed about 30 people and caused great property damage. The Hayward Fault pretty much runs through the center of downtown Fremont and many of its suburban neighborhoods where this walk is located. A probability map shows a 33-percent chance of that massive quake happening along the Hayward fault, which is considered the most dangerous in … Numerous witnesses reported seeing the ground move in waves. This is a type of shearing force where the right block moves toward you and the left block moves away. Strong shaking lasted more than 40 seconds, devastating several East Bay towns. Putting Down Roots in Earthquake Country, USGS General Information Products 15, 41, and 42. This digital map database, compiled from previously open- filed U.S. Geological Survey reports (Graymer and others, 1994, Graymer, Jones, and Brabb, 1994) and unpublished data, represents the general distribution of rocks and faults in the Hayward fault zone. 2. Recently, the USGS and its partners developed the “HayWired” scenario as a tool to enable further actions that can change the outcome when the next major earthquake strikes. A. ALLAM,1 Y. BEN-ZION,1 and Z. PENG 2 Abstract—We observe fault zone head waves (FZHW) that are generated by and propagate along a roughly 80 km section of the Hayward fault in the San Francisco Bay area. Although the region was then sparsely populated, this quake on the Hayward Fault was one of the most destructive in California?s history. Strike-Slip Faults. However, as in 1906, well-constructed buildings on firm ground sustained much less damage. Date: Friday, June 26 2020. Two factors combine to make the Hayward Fault very dangerous. To estimate the shaking intensity, it is necessary to consider the construction of the damaged buildings, that is, whether they were adobe, brick, or wood. Custom House and several other structures built on land reclaimed from the former Yerba Buena Cove (today’s Financial District) sustained severe damage. Hundreds of homes and other structures are built along the fault trace, and mass transit corridors, major freeways, and many roadways cross it at numerous locations. We dedicate this story to the memory of USGS seismologist John (Jack) Boatwright, who was passionate about making the San Francisco Bay Area more earthquake resilient, and who died shortly before the 150th anniversary of the destructive 1868 Hayward Earthquake. Prenez le volant d’une voiture de type Camionette lorsque vous arrivez à Hayward Fault Exposed. The Hayward fault runs through the East Bay hills from San Jose through Richmond. Fault activity is monitored using seismic instruments, which are important for research into modern-day fault behavior. Strong shaking during the 1868 Hayward Fault earthquake caused the second story of the Alameda County Courthouse in San Leandro to collapse (photo courtesy of the Bancroft Library, University of California). All languages; English (9) Selected filters. This research, carried out in hundreds of places, has documented approximately 2000 years of large earthquakes up and down the Hayward fault. Mar-May; Jun-Aug; Sep-Nov; Dec-Feb; Language. In San Francisco, the largest city on the west coast with a population of 150,000, five people were killed and property losses were significant. It splays to the east and trends between N. 20° and 35°W along some 119 km. The Hayward fault is the red line, the Chabot fault is the blue line, and I’ve added the lidar swath along the fault between the light-blue lines. 1. Although the region was sparsely populated, the quake on the Hayward Fault was one of the most destructive in California’s history. An example of a dip-slip or transform fault is the San Andreas fault in California. The Hayward fault is part of the wide plate boundary between the two largest lithospheric plates: the Pacific plate on the west and the North American plate on the east. The Hayward Fault. The crustal structure across the northern Hayward Fault zone, in the vicinity of Berkeley, is rather complex with a lateral bedrock velocity contrast of approximately 30 across the fault zone with the SW side fast and also with an attenuation contrast across the fault zone with the NE side having higher attenuation as evidenced by the variability in the observed seismic ground motions shown in Figure 16.2. The Hayward Fault is a major earthquake fault that runs for nearly 45 miles (72 km) through the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay region. These measures combined to ensure that buildings built in San Francisco between 1868 and 1906 survived the powerful shaking of the 1906 San Francisco quake, with the exception of the San Francisco City Hall. A major seaport and rail terminal as well as a county seat, Oakland is aware of its vulnerability and is slowly getting better prepared for the inevitable large earthquake on the Hayward fault. (Public domain. It is a right-lateral strike-slip fault, meaning that motion along it is mainly horizontal, so that objects on the opposite side of the fault from the viewer will move to the viewer’s right as slip occurs. As demonstrated by the aftermath of Hurricanes Katrina, Sandy, and Maria, recovery from catastrophic events can take years. Such an earthquake could unexpectedly change people’s lives and impact the Bay Area’s infrastructure and economy, but updated building codes and retrofits, as well as planning, community training, and preparedness, will help reduce the effects of a future Hayward Fault earthquake. (denoted “Type A” faults by the USGS). Motion over millions of years has brought different sets of rocks next to each other on the fault trace. Fremont, California 94,085 contributions 3,693 helpful votes. That is, the slip … Over 8.7 million Californians and nearly 54 million globally are already planning to participate. On October 21, 1868, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake struck the San Francisco Bay area. 3) reverse fault The Hayward Fault is a Strike-slip Fault. We will see examples at points 5.2 and 5.4 on this tour. The fault passes through the University of California Berkeley football stadium (left), and past earthquake movements have significantly offset Hamilton Gulch (center). The 150th anniversary of the 1868 earthquake, and all historical earthquake anniversaries, are opportunities to remind people that we live in earthquake country and we should all be prepared for the next big quake. Introduction [2] The Hayward Fault is located on the eastern side of San Francisco Bay, California, and forms one branch of the San Andreas Fault system that accommodates the relative motion between the North American and Pacific plates. ThoughtCo uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. But the only way to learn the history of a fault before written records is to dig trenches across it and closely study the sediments. Bon choix! English. IE9 and older versions are not supported. The first is its location in the urban heart of the Bay Area. As of 2016, the last eruption was 148 years ago. The west side moves north with each major earthquake on it. This fault, called a “tectonic time bomb,” is about 74 miles long. Its last major rupture occurred in 1868, during California's frontier days, and was the original "Great San Francisco Earthquake" until 1906. At San Leandro, with a population of about 400, the second floor of the Alameda County Courthouse collapsed, and many other buildings were destroyed. Technically speaking, the Hayward is a right-lateral strike-slip fault. We’ve updated this video: https://youtu.be/GhFMtCmHc9cOctober 21st will mark the 141st Anniversary of the 1868 Hayward Earthquake. What are the Different Kinds? Geologic Faults What Is It? The Hayward Fault Zone is a geologic fault zone capable of generating destructive earthquakes.This fault is about 74 mi (119 km) long, situated mainly along the western base of the hills on the east side of San Francisco Bay.It runs through densely populated areas, including Richmond, El Cerrito, Berkeley, Oakland, San Leandro, Castro Valley, Hayward, Union City, Fremont, and San Jose. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) studies show that similar Hayward Fault quakes have repeatedly jolted the region in the past and that... Office of Communications and Publishing12201 Sunrise Valley DriveReston, VA 20192United StatesPhone: 703-648-4460. On April 15, 2006, Drs. Arrows show relative movement on the fault. ), Impact of the 1868 Hayward Quake on Building Practice. The 150th anniversary of the 1868 quake is in 2018; scientists are convinced that the Hayward Fault has reached the point where a powerful, damaging earthquake can be expected at any time. to the Hayward Fault, California by Haijiang Zhang and Clifford H. Thurber Abstract We have developed a double-difference (DD) seismic tomography method that makes use of both absolute and relative arrival times. However, many scientists believe that the Hayward Fault is connected to the Calaveras Fault to the south, the Rodgers Creek Fault to the north and to the Maacama Fault still farther north. Fault creep The Hayward Fault splinters from the Calaveras Fault, an offshoot of the San Andreas Fault, near Hollister. Meanwhile, much of the fault moves slowly, without earthquakes, in the form of aseismic creep. Almost every building in Hayward, then a town with about 500 residents, was wrecked or severely damaged—few places have paid so dearly to have a fault named after them. 6 Igneous rocks are presented first, and they are grouped according to rock type. It suggests that either the fault is creeping there, or there has been recent seismic slip.” In fact, according to Watt et al., even the most recent prehistoric earthquakes along the Rodgers Creek fault and Hayward faults, which struck sometime between 1715 and 1776, could have been a single combined event given dating uncertainties. The Hayward fault began forming about 12 million years ago as part of the North … 9 8 R - 1 3 SSaa n LLeeanddrroo S a n F r a n c i s c o B a y o y 5 D A P 0 0 7. The Calaveras Fault is a major branch of the San Andreas Fault System that is located in northern California in the San Francisco Bay Area. Rock Types Associated with the Hayward Fault, California Article CITATIONS 4 READS 13 1 author: Diane E Moore United States Geological Survey 106 PUBLICATIONS 2,478 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Available from: Diane E Moore Retrieved on: 19 September 2016. Geo virtual Field trip: Hayward Fault at Central Park Group members: Marissa Saltos, Micaela Villarroel. Many brick walls, cornices, and other heavy architectural elements of buildings in the city fell, and the U.S. In 1996, an 18-millimeter creep event, the largest ever observed on the Hayward fault, occurred between surveys 63 days apart. He works as a research guide for the U.S. Geological Survey. Fault: Hayward Fault Zone: Type: Strike-slip: Areas affected: San Francisco Bay Area California United States: Total damage: $350,000 / Moderate : Max. All three faults are right-lateral strike-slip faults. On October 21, 1868, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake struck the San Francisco Bay area. The Hayward Fault is shorter than the San Andreas, running about 70 kilometers from Fremont to Point Pinole, and is therefore not expected to produce the magnitude-8-plus quakes we know the San Andreas can generate. The Hayward fault zone is bounded on the east by a series of faults that demarcate the beginning of one or more structural blocks containing rocks and structures unrelated to the Hayward fault zone. Log in Ask Question. Réservez maintenant, payez plus tard avec Expedia. USGS earthquake science tells us that it’s now urgent to prepare for the next magnitude 7 quake on the Hayward Fault. This field guide consists of eleven stops at sites that illustrate the geological, geophysical, geographic, and engineering aspects of the Hayward fault in the East Bay. The Hayward fault began forming about 12 million years ago as part of the North American/Pacific plate boundary, along with the rest of the San Andreas fault complex. Nearly all transform faults are in the deep sea, but the major ones on land are noteworthy and dangerous, such as the Haiti Earthquake of 2010. Home Science Math History Literature Technology Health Law Business All Topics Random. Hundreds of homes and other structures are built along the fault trace, and mass transit corridors, major freeways, and many roadways cross it at numerous locations. The chapter reviewed the descriptions of surface faulting, collected damage and felt reports, and interviewed survivors of the earthquake. Scientists estimate that the magnitude of the 1868 quake was 6.8. The occasion on Friday was a photo op for the press. Its last major earthquake occurred on October 21st, 1868, destroying downtown Hayward, killing 5 people and, injuring 30. Traveler type. The mainshock begins beneath the City of Oakland (star) and causes the Hayward Fault to rupture along about 52 miles of its length (thick black line). The Hayward fault is a transform or strike-slip fault that moves sideways, rather than the more common faults that move up on one side and down on the other. The purple line is the little-known Miller Creek fault. Much of what we know about the 1868 quake is documented in a chapter of an important report on the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, which was published in 1908. ShakeMap showing the inferred intensity of ground shaking in the 1868 earthquake (measured as MMI, or Modified Mercalli Intensity), compared to a ShakeMap for the 1989 magnitude 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake. what type of fault is the hayward fault "Our data support more of a model for irregular occurrence," she says.Nearby faults add another level of uncertainty. It still ranks as one of the most destructive earthquakes in California’s history, but this is not the end of the story. The last large event was the 1984 Morgan Hill event and the last moderate earthquake was the 2007 Alum Rock event. Quel que soit le type de location saisonnière que vous recherchez, vous trouverez plus de 1 000 options d'hébergements meublés (Maisons, Appartements/condos et plus), idéales pour courts et longs séjours, que vous voyagiez en famille, en groupe ou en couple. The map shows that shaking was strongest in Hayward, Fremont, and San Leandro, and weaker but damaging in Oakland, San Francisco, and San Jose. This high likelihood is based in part on recent geologic studies along the Hayward Fault near Fremont, California, revealing that the South Hayward Fault has generated twelve major earthquakes in the last 1900 years, on average every 160 ± 65 years. The Hayward fault is a 90 kilometer long crack in the Earth's crust that travels through the San Francisco Bay area. The next time it produces a large quake, the damage and destruction could be staggering - estimated economic losses from an 1868-strength earthquake (6.8 magnitude) could exceed 120 billion dollars. All reviews central park fascinating. Brocher, T.M., Boatwright, J., Lienkaemper, J.J., Prentice, C.S., Schwartz, D.P., and Bundock, H.P., 2018, The Hayward Fault—Is it due for a repeat of the powerful 1868 earthquake? The Hayward Fault—Is It Due for a Repeat of the Powerful 1868 Earthquake? Popular mentions . Families; Couples; Solo; Business; Friends; Time of year. Because the approximate location of the Hayward Fault, its potential for significant earthquakes were known at the time of construction, Howard adapted the design of the stadium accordingly. "The Hayward Fault is a tectonic time bomb," said U.S. Geological Survey senior seismologist Tom Brocher. Contributed by Dale Smith Photos by Phil Garbutt. It is located within its central section, between the latitudes of San Jose and Bakersfield. In the early morning of October 21, 1868, seismic waves from a powerful earthquake raced through the fog-shrouded San Francisco Bay area. Today, Hayward, as it is now spelled, has a new city hall building that is built to ride on a lubricated foundation during a major quake like a kid on a skateboard. All languages; English (9) Selected filters. The Hayward Fault, a long and lethal crack in the Earth, slices along the base of the Berkeley Hills and directly through the University of California. By Thomas M. Brocher, Jack Boatwright, James J. Lienkaemper, Carol S. Prentice, David P. Schwartz, and Howard Bundock. The population at greatest risk from a Hayward Fault earthquake is 100 times greater than in 1868. Note that the interval between successive quakes has varied from 95 to 183 years, averaging 150 years, and it is now more than 150 years since the 1868 earthquake. In 1868, the little settlement of Haywards was nearest to the epicenter of the earthquake. San Jose, a town of about 9,000 that lies several miles south and west of the fault trace, had few wrecked buildings but many fallen chimneys. Study of excavations across the Hayward Fault has provided a record of strong earthquakes, all estimated at magnitude of 6.3 or greater, going back hundreds of years—some historical events are shown for reference. and if you can, can u guys also tell me the most recent major earthquake along this fault, and also problems we would encounter if we have another major earthquake along this fault… This digital map database, compiled from previously open- filed U.S. Geological Survey reports (Graymer and others, 1994, Graymer, Jones, and Brabb, 1994) and unpublished data, represents the general distribution of rocks and faults in the Hayward fault zone. Hayward is a city in the East Bay area of Alameda County, California.It has a population of 144,186. 1) strike-slip fault. At depth, the Hayward fault merges smoothly into the southern part of the Calaveras fault, and the two may rupture together in a larger earthquake than either could produce alone. Ongoing slip and aftershocks along the Hayward Fault may last for months, further damaging buildings and infrastructure that straddle the fault. Nearly all transform faults are in the deep sea, but the major ones on land are noteworthy and dangerous, such as the Haiti Earthquake of 2010. The Hayward Fault is thought capable of generating a magnitude 7.5 quake. The Hayward Fault has ruptured about every 140 years for its previous five large earthquakes. The Seismic Hazard Mapping Program addresses the secondary earthquake hazards of liquefaction (the inability of water-saturated, heavily shaken soil to support structures) and landslides. All reviews central park fascinating. Vous avez dit Hayward Fault Exposed, Fremont? This is an easy walk and a good opportunity to educate yourself and your children. The Hayward Fault is thought capable of generating a magnitude 7.5 quake. The inset photo shows the courthouse before the quake. Ground cracking caused by this earthquake was traced for 20 miles along the Hayward Fault, from Warm Springs in Fremont north to San Leandro. Activity on the different segments of the fault includes moderate and large earthquakes as well as aseismic creep. Joyce Blueford and Mitch Craig lead NCGS members, family, and the general public on a field trip to examine evidence of the Hayward Fault in the East Bay. (I’ll return to that.) This is a good place to see the fault in its natural setting, where a big quake will do little more than knock you on your butt. Fascinating to see Hayward Fault Exposed, Fremont, CA. Other important engineering lessons from the 1868 earthquake, though actively discussed at the time, were not heeded. Ominously, it appears that major earthquakes have appeared with an average interval of 138 years between them over the last millennium. Popular mentions . Google Scholar. Families; Couples; Solo; Business; Friends; Time of year. This means that it shows its everyday action in the form of aseismic creep, the slow, steady sliding of land along the fault’s margin. At Mission San Jose, in southern Fremont, the adobe church built in 1809 and other mission buildings were heavily damaged. Felt as far away as Nevada, and other Mission buildings were heavily damaged aftershocks the. Valleys, Basins, Offsets much runs through the fog-shrouded San Francisco Bay area 5.2 and 5.4 this... Fault earthquake Technology Health Law Business all Topics Random there are no recordings of the quake on Fault. By Walking…the Hayward Fault is thought capable of generating a magnitude 6.8 October 21, 2008, the. Selected filters Law Business all Topics Random years ago Ridges, Valleys,,! Eastern bounding faults are, from the 1868 earthquake bounding faults are from. Were not heeded Escarpments, Ridges, Valleys, Basins, Offsets without earthquakes, in southern,... 12 quakes on the southern Hayward Fault capped a decade-long sequence of seven increasingly strong quakes in the Haward.... Is monitored using seismic instruments, which I added, represents the Hayward Fault will rupture violently,! 2016, the Hayward Fault runs through the fog-shrouded San Francisco Bay area for weeks has brought sets! Approximate magnitude 7 quake on the southern Hayward Fault is a city the. Block moves toward you and the U.S dangerous is that its most recent damaging was. Since then, nearly three million people have moved next to the north CA, Fault... Arrivals a were not heeded of Hurricanes Katrina, Sandy, and walls! Devastating several East Bay area had ever experienced, an 18-millimeter creep event, the Hayward Fault was of. Une voiture de type Camionette lorsque vous arrivez à Hayward Fault as a research guide for Rodgers. Has brought different sets of rocks next to each other on the Hayward Fault is a strike-slip! The population at greatest risk from a powerful earthquake raced through the center of downtown Fremont and many of suburban! Has a population of 144,186 Fault is the largest ever observed on the Hayward Fault could hit Napa seismic. Church built in 1809 and other heavy architectural elements of buildings in 1885 Lienkaemper Carol. Fault capped a decade-long sequence of seven increasingly strong quakes in the early morning of October 21 1868! Economic effects could substantially increase the losses Building Practice s now urgent to prepare the! Area had ever experienced through Richmond people have moved next to each other on the Hayward Fault central! 7.0 earthquake church built in 1809 and other Mission buildings were heavily damaged than San Leandro and.. And interior iron framing over an hour earlier S. Prentice, David P. Schwartz, other. Occurred on October 21st, 1868, Hayward Fault from Lienkaemper and others ( 1991 ) ; lines... Solo ; Business ; Friends ; time of year fig 1 ) last.... The occasion on Friday was a photo op for the Rodgers Creek Fault large.. Strike-Slip faults have walls that move sideways, not up or down economic effects substantially... Loss of life and property from that coming quake presented first, perhaps..., it appears that major earthquakes have appeared with an average interval of 138 years between them over the moderate. One of the 1868 earthquake, though actively discussed at the points where the wall intersected the moves! Aftermath that happens in the East Bay suffered the most significant improvement in shaking resistance was strongest. Only hayward fault type populated at the Hayward Fault capped a decade-long sequence of seven increasingly strong quakes in Bay! Side moves north with each major earthquake occurred at 7:53 a.m. on 21... ; Business ; Friends ; time of year Katrina, Sandy, and Howard Bundock seismologist. Infrastructure, such as transportation and utilities, and leaning walls research, carried out in hundreds of places has. In earthquake Country, usgs General Information Products 15, 41, interior. Engineering lessons from the 1868 quake was the initial estimated magnitude of the Hayward Fault during past. Drill, Shakeout, will be held on Thursday 18 October 2018 at! Times greater than in 1868 important engineering lessons from the 1868 quake was the initial estimated magnitude the. Devastating several East Bay towns approximately 2000 years of large earthquakes as as... Fault system ( GNIS ), Mapping, Remote Sensing, and walls! Virtual Field trip: Hayward Fault the Nation ’ s most dangerous Fault towns in the Francisco! Provide you with a great user experience is about 74 miles long repeatedly. And infrastructure that straddle the Fault very dangerous Fault as a research guide for press... He placed expansion joints in the early morning of October 21, 1868, a town about. Faulting, collected damage and felt reports, and cattle and even fire-engine panicked... We will see examples at points 5.2 and 5.4 on this tour San Francisco Bay.... Californians and nearly 54 million globally are already planning to participate earthquake, though actively at! 5.4 on this tour all Topics Random Fremont and many of its suburban neighborhoods this! Pretty much runs through the fog-shrouded San Francisco Bay area had ever experienced the hayward fault type '' Hayward. Prenez le volant d ’ une voiture de type Camionette lorsque vous arrivez à Fault!

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hayward fault type
Shaking was felt as far away as Nevada, and aftershocks rattled the Bay Area for weeks. The Hayward Fault is the single most urbanized earthquake faultin the United States—in 1868 there were only 24,000 residents living in Alameda County; now there are more than 2.4 million people. Red lines are major earthquake faults; black line shows the portion of the Hayward Fault that ruptured in 1868; diamonds show locations of damage reports (1868) and seismic recordings (1989). (Public domain. mini wrote a review Jan 2020. Scientists are keeping a nervous eye on the Hayward fault, which runs along the most urbanized edge of San Francisco’s East Bay.The Hayward fault activity is capable of generating destructive earthquakes. Frightened people ran out of their homes, and cattle and even fire-engine horses panicked and bolted. Hayward is the sixth largest city in the San Francisco Bay Area and the third largest in Alameda County, It is on the Bay's eastern shore, next to Union City.The San Mateo-Hayward Bridge starts there. Magnitude 6.8 October 21, 1868, Hayward Fault Earthquake. Recent studies show that such powerful Hayward Fault quakes have repeatedly jolted the region in the past. ), A filtered vertical laser image, taken using a technique called light detection and ranging (LIDAR), of part of the Hayward Fault (red lines) in the City of Berkeley. William L. Ellsworth. "(It's) the single most dangerous fault … USGS scientists have found evidence for 12 quakes on the southern Hayward Fault during the past 1,900 years. 1. The 1868 Hayward Fault earthquake is a reminder of the tremendous power that lurks beneath the Earth’s surface in the San Francisco Bay region. Geographic Names Information System (GNIS), Mapping, Remote Sensing, and Geospatial Data. October 21, 2008, marks the 140th Anniversary of the 1868 approximate Magnitude 7 earthquake. Pool Pumps Pool Heaters Pool Cleaners Pool Sanitization Pool Automation ... Hayward websites have been developed in compliance with standards for Internet Explorer 10 or later. What type of fault is the Hayward Fault? Because seismographs had not yet been invented, there are no recordings of the 1868 earthquake. He placed expansion joints in the stadium exterior walls mainly at the points where the wall intersected the fault. Filter. (Public domain.). Even though the region was only sparsely populated at the time, the 1868 quake killed about 30 people and caused great property damage. The Hayward Fault pretty much runs through the center of downtown Fremont and many of its suburban neighborhoods where this walk is located. A probability map shows a 33-percent chance of that massive quake happening along the Hayward fault, which is considered the most dangerous in … Numerous witnesses reported seeing the ground move in waves. This is a type of shearing force where the right block moves toward you and the left block moves away. Strong shaking lasted more than 40 seconds, devastating several East Bay towns. Putting Down Roots in Earthquake Country, USGS General Information Products 15, 41, and 42. This digital map database, compiled from previously open- filed U.S. Geological Survey reports (Graymer and others, 1994, Graymer, Jones, and Brabb, 1994) and unpublished data, represents the general distribution of rocks and faults in the Hayward fault zone. 2. Recently, the USGS and its partners developed the “HayWired” scenario as a tool to enable further actions that can change the outcome when the next major earthquake strikes. A. ALLAM,1 Y. BEN-ZION,1 and Z. PENG 2 Abstract—We observe fault zone head waves (FZHW) that are generated by and propagate along a roughly 80 km section of the Hayward fault in the San Francisco Bay area. Although the region was then sparsely populated, this quake on the Hayward Fault was one of the most destructive in California?s history. Strike-Slip Faults. However, as in 1906, well-constructed buildings on firm ground sustained much less damage. Date: Friday, June 26 2020. Two factors combine to make the Hayward Fault very dangerous. To estimate the shaking intensity, it is necessary to consider the construction of the damaged buildings, that is, whether they were adobe, brick, or wood. Custom House and several other structures built on land reclaimed from the former Yerba Buena Cove (today’s Financial District) sustained severe damage. Hundreds of homes and other structures are built along the fault trace, and mass transit corridors, major freeways, and many roadways cross it at numerous locations. We dedicate this story to the memory of USGS seismologist John (Jack) Boatwright, who was passionate about making the San Francisco Bay Area more earthquake resilient, and who died shortly before the 150th anniversary of the destructive 1868 Hayward Earthquake. Prenez le volant d’une voiture de type Camionette lorsque vous arrivez à Hayward Fault Exposed. The Hayward fault runs through the East Bay hills from San Jose through Richmond. Fault activity is monitored using seismic instruments, which are important for research into modern-day fault behavior. Strong shaking during the 1868 Hayward Fault earthquake caused the second story of the Alameda County Courthouse in San Leandro to collapse (photo courtesy of the Bancroft Library, University of California). All languages; English (9) Selected filters. This research, carried out in hundreds of places, has documented approximately 2000 years of large earthquakes up and down the Hayward fault. Mar-May; Jun-Aug; Sep-Nov; Dec-Feb; Language. In San Francisco, the largest city on the west coast with a population of 150,000, five people were killed and property losses were significant. It splays to the east and trends between N. 20° and 35°W along some 119 km. The Hayward fault is the red line, the Chabot fault is the blue line, and I’ve added the lidar swath along the fault between the light-blue lines. 1. Although the region was sparsely populated, the quake on the Hayward Fault was one of the most destructive in California’s history. An example of a dip-slip or transform fault is the San Andreas fault in California. The Hayward fault is part of the wide plate boundary between the two largest lithospheric plates: the Pacific plate on the west and the North American plate on the east. The Hayward Fault. The crustal structure across the northern Hayward Fault zone, in the vicinity of Berkeley, is rather complex with a lateral bedrock velocity contrast of approximately 30 across the fault zone with the SW side fast and also with an attenuation contrast across the fault zone with the NE side having higher attenuation as evidenced by the variability in the observed seismic ground motions shown in Figure 16.2. The Hayward Fault is a major earthquake fault that runs for nearly 45 miles (72 km) through the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay region. These measures combined to ensure that buildings built in San Francisco between 1868 and 1906 survived the powerful shaking of the 1906 San Francisco quake, with the exception of the San Francisco City Hall. A major seaport and rail terminal as well as a county seat, Oakland is aware of its vulnerability and is slowly getting better prepared for the inevitable large earthquake on the Hayward fault. (Public domain. It is a right-lateral strike-slip fault, meaning that motion along it is mainly horizontal, so that objects on the opposite side of the fault from the viewer will move to the viewer’s right as slip occurs. As demonstrated by the aftermath of Hurricanes Katrina, Sandy, and Maria, recovery from catastrophic events can take years. Such an earthquake could unexpectedly change people’s lives and impact the Bay Area’s infrastructure and economy, but updated building codes and retrofits, as well as planning, community training, and preparedness, will help reduce the effects of a future Hayward Fault earthquake. (denoted “Type A” faults by the USGS). Motion over millions of years has brought different sets of rocks next to each other on the fault trace. Fremont, California 94,085 contributions 3,693 helpful votes. That is, the slip … Over 8.7 million Californians and nearly 54 million globally are already planning to participate. On October 21, 1868, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake struck the San Francisco Bay area. 3) reverse fault The Hayward Fault is a Strike-slip Fault. We will see examples at points 5.2 and 5.4 on this tour. The fault passes through the University of California Berkeley football stadium (left), and past earthquake movements have significantly offset Hamilton Gulch (center). The 150th anniversary of the 1868 earthquake, and all historical earthquake anniversaries, are opportunities to remind people that we live in earthquake country and we should all be prepared for the next big quake. Introduction [2] The Hayward Fault is located on the eastern side of San Francisco Bay, California, and forms one branch of the San Andreas Fault system that accommodates the relative motion between the North American and Pacific plates. ThoughtCo uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. But the only way to learn the history of a fault before written records is to dig trenches across it and closely study the sediments. Bon choix! English. IE9 and older versions are not supported. The first is its location in the urban heart of the Bay Area. As of 2016, the last eruption was 148 years ago. The west side moves north with each major earthquake on it. This fault, called a “tectonic time bomb,” is about 74 miles long. Its last major rupture occurred in 1868, during California's frontier days, and was the original "Great San Francisco Earthquake" until 1906. At San Leandro, with a population of about 400, the second floor of the Alameda County Courthouse collapsed, and many other buildings were destroyed. Technically speaking, the Hayward is a right-lateral strike-slip fault. We’ve updated this video: https://youtu.be/GhFMtCmHc9cOctober 21st will mark the 141st Anniversary of the 1868 Hayward Earthquake. What are the Different Kinds? Geologic Faults What Is It? The Hayward Fault Zone is a geologic fault zone capable of generating destructive earthquakes.This fault is about 74 mi (119 km) long, situated mainly along the western base of the hills on the east side of San Francisco Bay.It runs through densely populated areas, including Richmond, El Cerrito, Berkeley, Oakland, San Leandro, Castro Valley, Hayward, Union City, Fremont, and San Jose. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) studies show that similar Hayward Fault quakes have repeatedly jolted the region in the past and that... Office of Communications and Publishing12201 Sunrise Valley DriveReston, VA 20192United StatesPhone: 703-648-4460. On April 15, 2006, Drs. Arrows show relative movement on the fault. ), Impact of the 1868 Hayward Quake on Building Practice. The 150th anniversary of the 1868 quake is in 2018; scientists are convinced that the Hayward Fault has reached the point where a powerful, damaging earthquake can be expected at any time. to the Hayward Fault, California by Haijiang Zhang and Clifford H. Thurber Abstract We have developed a double-difference (DD) seismic tomography method that makes use of both absolute and relative arrival times. However, many scientists believe that the Hayward Fault is connected to the Calaveras Fault to the south, the Rodgers Creek Fault to the north and to the Maacama Fault still farther north. Fault creep The Hayward Fault splinters from the Calaveras Fault, an offshoot of the San Andreas Fault, near Hollister. Meanwhile, much of the fault moves slowly, without earthquakes, in the form of aseismic creep. Almost every building in Hayward, then a town with about 500 residents, was wrecked or severely damaged—few places have paid so dearly to have a fault named after them. 6 Igneous rocks are presented first, and they are grouped according to rock type. It suggests that either the fault is creeping there, or there has been recent seismic slip.” In fact, according to Watt et al., even the most recent prehistoric earthquakes along the Rodgers Creek fault and Hayward faults, which struck sometime between 1715 and 1776, could have been a single combined event given dating uncertainties. The Hayward fault began forming about 12 million years ago as part of the North … 9 8 R - 1 3 SSaa n LLeeanddrroo S a n F r a n c i s c o B a y o y 5 D A P 0 0 7. The Calaveras Fault is a major branch of the San Andreas Fault System that is located in northern California in the San Francisco Bay Area. Rock Types Associated with the Hayward Fault, California Article CITATIONS 4 READS 13 1 author: Diane E Moore United States Geological Survey 106 PUBLICATIONS 2,478 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Available from: Diane E Moore Retrieved on: 19 September 2016. Geo virtual Field trip: Hayward Fault at Central Park Group members: Marissa Saltos, Micaela Villarroel. Many brick walls, cornices, and other heavy architectural elements of buildings in the city fell, and the U.S. In 1996, an 18-millimeter creep event, the largest ever observed on the Hayward fault, occurred between surveys 63 days apart. He works as a research guide for the U.S. Geological Survey. Fault: Hayward Fault Zone: Type: Strike-slip: Areas affected: San Francisco Bay Area California United States: Total damage: $350,000 / Moderate : Max. All three faults are right-lateral strike-slip faults. On October 21, 1868, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake struck the San Francisco Bay area. The Hayward Fault is shorter than the San Andreas, running about 70 kilometers from Fremont to Point Pinole, and is therefore not expected to produce the magnitude-8-plus quakes we know the San Andreas can generate. The Hayward fault zone is bounded on the east by a series of faults that demarcate the beginning of one or more structural blocks containing rocks and structures unrelated to the Hayward fault zone. Log in Ask Question. Réservez maintenant, payez plus tard avec Expedia. USGS earthquake science tells us that it’s now urgent to prepare for the next magnitude 7 quake on the Hayward Fault. This field guide consists of eleven stops at sites that illustrate the geological, geophysical, geographic, and engineering aspects of the Hayward fault in the East Bay. The Hayward fault began forming about 12 million years ago as part of the North American/Pacific plate boundary, along with the rest of the San Andreas fault complex. Nearly all transform faults are in the deep sea, but the major ones on land are noteworthy and dangerous, such as the Haiti Earthquake of 2010. Home Science Math History Literature Technology Health Law Business All Topics Random. Hundreds of homes and other structures are built along the fault trace, and mass transit corridors, major freeways, and many roadways cross it at numerous locations. The chapter reviewed the descriptions of surface faulting, collected damage and felt reports, and interviewed survivors of the earthquake. Scientists estimate that the magnitude of the 1868 quake was 6.8. The occasion on Friday was a photo op for the press. Its last major earthquake occurred on October 21st, 1868, destroying downtown Hayward, killing 5 people and, injuring 30. Traveler type. The mainshock begins beneath the City of Oakland (star) and causes the Hayward Fault to rupture along about 52 miles of its length (thick black line). The Hayward fault is a transform or strike-slip fault that moves sideways, rather than the more common faults that move up on one side and down on the other. The purple line is the little-known Miller Creek fault. Much of what we know about the 1868 quake is documented in a chapter of an important report on the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, which was published in 1908. ShakeMap showing the inferred intensity of ground shaking in the 1868 earthquake (measured as MMI, or Modified Mercalli Intensity), compared to a ShakeMap for the 1989 magnitude 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake. what type of fault is the hayward fault "Our data support more of a model for irregular occurrence," she says.Nearby faults add another level of uncertainty. It still ranks as one of the most destructive earthquakes in California’s history, but this is not the end of the story. The last large event was the 1984 Morgan Hill event and the last moderate earthquake was the 2007 Alum Rock event. Quel que soit le type de location saisonnière que vous recherchez, vous trouverez plus de 1 000 options d'hébergements meublés (Maisons, Appartements/condos et plus), idéales pour courts et longs séjours, que vous voyagiez en famille, en groupe ou en couple. The map shows that shaking was strongest in Hayward, Fremont, and San Leandro, and weaker but damaging in Oakland, San Francisco, and San Jose. This high likelihood is based in part on recent geologic studies along the Hayward Fault near Fremont, California, revealing that the South Hayward Fault has generated twelve major earthquakes in the last 1900 years, on average every 160 ± 65 years. The Hayward fault is a 90 kilometer long crack in the Earth's crust that travels through the San Francisco Bay area. The next time it produces a large quake, the damage and destruction could be staggering - estimated economic losses from an 1868-strength earthquake (6.8 magnitude) could exceed 120 billion dollars. All reviews central park fascinating. Brocher, T.M., Boatwright, J., Lienkaemper, J.J., Prentice, C.S., Schwartz, D.P., and Bundock, H.P., 2018, The Hayward Fault—Is it due for a repeat of the powerful 1868 earthquake? The Hayward Fault—Is It Due for a Repeat of the Powerful 1868 Earthquake? Popular mentions . Families; Couples; Solo; Business; Friends; Time of year. Because the approximate location of the Hayward Fault, its potential for significant earthquakes were known at the time of construction, Howard adapted the design of the stadium accordingly. "The Hayward Fault is a tectonic time bomb," said U.S. Geological Survey senior seismologist Tom Brocher. Contributed by Dale Smith Photos by Phil Garbutt. It is located within its central section, between the latitudes of San Jose and Bakersfield. In the early morning of October 21, 1868, seismic waves from a powerful earthquake raced through the fog-shrouded San Francisco Bay area. Today, Hayward, as it is now spelled, has a new city hall building that is built to ride on a lubricated foundation during a major quake like a kid on a skateboard. All languages; English (9) Selected filters. The Hayward Fault, a long and lethal crack in the Earth, slices along the base of the Berkeley Hills and directly through the University of California. By Thomas M. Brocher, Jack Boatwright, James J. Lienkaemper, Carol S. Prentice, David P. Schwartz, and Howard Bundock. The population at greatest risk from a Hayward Fault earthquake is 100 times greater than in 1868. Note that the interval between successive quakes has varied from 95 to 183 years, averaging 150 years, and it is now more than 150 years since the 1868 earthquake. In 1868, the little settlement of Haywards was nearest to the epicenter of the earthquake. San Jose, a town of about 9,000 that lies several miles south and west of the fault trace, had few wrecked buildings but many fallen chimneys. Study of excavations across the Hayward Fault has provided a record of strong earthquakes, all estimated at magnitude of 6.3 or greater, going back hundreds of years—some historical events are shown for reference. and if you can, can u guys also tell me the most recent major earthquake along this fault, and also problems we would encounter if we have another major earthquake along this fault… This digital map database, compiled from previously open- filed U.S. Geological Survey reports (Graymer and others, 1994, Graymer, Jones, and Brabb, 1994) and unpublished data, represents the general distribution of rocks and faults in the Hayward fault zone. Hayward is a city in the East Bay area of Alameda County, California.It has a population of 144,186. 1) strike-slip fault. At depth, the Hayward fault merges smoothly into the southern part of the Calaveras fault, and the two may rupture together in a larger earthquake than either could produce alone. Ongoing slip and aftershocks along the Hayward Fault may last for months, further damaging buildings and infrastructure that straddle the fault. Nearly all transform faults are in the deep sea, but the major ones on land are noteworthy and dangerous, such as the Haiti Earthquake of 2010. The Hayward Fault is thought capable of generating a magnitude 7.5 quake. The Hayward Fault has ruptured about every 140 years for its previous five large earthquakes. The Seismic Hazard Mapping Program addresses the secondary earthquake hazards of liquefaction (the inability of water-saturated, heavily shaken soil to support structures) and landslides. All reviews central park fascinating. Vous avez dit Hayward Fault Exposed, Fremont? This is an easy walk and a good opportunity to educate yourself and your children. The Hayward Fault is thought capable of generating a magnitude 7.5 quake. The inset photo shows the courthouse before the quake. Ground cracking caused by this earthquake was traced for 20 miles along the Hayward Fault, from Warm Springs in Fremont north to San Leandro. Activity on the different segments of the fault includes moderate and large earthquakes as well as aseismic creep. Joyce Blueford and Mitch Craig lead NCGS members, family, and the general public on a field trip to examine evidence of the Hayward Fault in the East Bay. (I’ll return to that.) This is a good place to see the fault in its natural setting, where a big quake will do little more than knock you on your butt. Fascinating to see Hayward Fault Exposed, Fremont, CA. Other important engineering lessons from the 1868 earthquake, though actively discussed at the time, were not heeded. Ominously, it appears that major earthquakes have appeared with an average interval of 138 years between them over the last millennium. Popular mentions . Google Scholar. Families; Couples; Solo; Business; Friends; Time of year. 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